Psychology Test bank chapter 1,2,4,5,6 Questions with 100% correct Answers, Exams of Psychology

Download Psychology Test bank chapter 1,2,4,5,6 Questions with 100% correct Answers and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Psychology Test bank chapter 1,2,4,5,6 Questions with 100% correct Answers 1. The scope of practiced for an advanced nurse practitioner would include which intervention? Conducting a mental health assessment. Prescribing psychotropic medication. Establishing a therapeutic relationship. Individualizing a nursing care plan. - Correct answer Prescribing psychotropic medication. A nursing student expresses concerns that mental health nurses "lose all their clinical nursing skills." Select the best response by the mental health nurse. "Psychiatric nurses practice in safer environments than other specialties. Nurse-to- client ratios must be better because of the nature of the clients' problems." "Psychiatric nurses use complex communication skills as well as critical thinking to solve multidimensional problems. I am challenged by those situations." "That's a misconception. Psychiatric nurses frequently use high technology monitoring equipment and manage complex intravenous therapies." "Psychiatric nurses do not have to deal with as much pain and suffering as medical-surgical nurses do. That appeals to me." - Correct answer "Psychiatric nurses use complex communication skills as well as critical thinking to solve multidimensional problems. I am challenged by those situations." When a new bill introduced in Congress reduces funding for care of persons diagnosed with mental illness, a group of nurses write letters to their elected representatives in opposition to the legislation. Which role have the nurses fulfilled? a. Recovery Attending Advocacy Evidence-based practice - Correct answer Advocacy A family has a long history of conflicted relationships among the members. Which family member's comment best reflects a mentally healthy perspective? "I've made mistakes but everyone else in this family has also." "I remember joy and mutual respect from our early years together." "I will make some changes in my behavior for the good of the family." "It's best for me to move away from my family. Things will never change." - Correct answer "I will make some changes in my behavior for the good of the family." The ANA's Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice ICD-10 - Correct answer DSM-V Which individual behavior demonstrates resilience? a. Repress stressors associated with a divorce. Continuing to grieve the death of a spouse for 5 years. Continuing to live in a shelter for 2 years after the home is destroyed by fire. Taking a temporary job to maintain financial stability after loss of a permanent job. - Correct answer Taking a temporary job to maintain financial stability after loss of a permanent job. Resilience is closely associated with the process of adapting and helps people facing tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress. It is the ability and capacity for people to secure the resources they need to support their well-being An adult says, "Most of the time I'm happy and feel good about myself. I have learned that what I get out of something is proportional to the effort I put into it." Which number on this mental health continuum should the nurse select? Mental Illness Mental Health 1234 5 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 - Correct answer 5 What does the DSM-V classify? deviant behaviors present disability or distress people with mental disorders mental disorders - Correct answer mental disorders In the majority culture of the United States, which individual has the greatest risk to be labeled mentally ill? One who describes hearing God's voice speaking. One who is usually pessimistic but strives to meet personal goals. One who is wealthy and gives away $20 bills to needy individuals. One who always has an optimistic viewpoint about life - Correct answer One who describes hearing God's voice speaking. The question asks about risk. Hearing voices is generally associated with mental illness, but in charismatic religious groups, hearing the voice of God or a prophet is a desirable event. 17. Which belief will best support a nurse's efforts to provide client advocacy during a multidisciplinary client care planning session? All mental illnesses are culturally determined. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are cross-cultural disorders. Symptoms of mental disorders are unchanged from culture to culture. Assessment findings in mental illness reflect a person's cultural patterns. - Correct answer Assessment findings in mental illness reflect a person's cultural patterns. The spouse of a client diagnosed with schizophrenia says, "I don't understand how events from childhood have anything to do with this disabling illness." Which response by the nurse will best help the spouse understand the cause of this disorder? "Psychological stress is the basis of most mental disorders." "This illness results from developmental factors rather than stress." "Research shows that this condition more likely has a biological basis." "It must be frustrating for you that your spouse is sick so much of the time." - Correct answer "Research shows that this condition more likely has a biological basis." A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people. Many homes and businesses were destroyed. In the 2 years following the disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed cases? a. Prevalence b. Comorbidity c. Incidence d. Parity - Correct answer c. Incidence Incidence refers to the number of new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time. Which component of treatment of mental illness is specifically recognized by Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)? All genomes are unique. Care is centered on the client. Healthy development is vital to mental health. Recovery occurs on a continuum from illness to health. - Correct answer Care is centered on the client. Considers past experiences when deciding about the future. Experiences feelings of conflict related to changing jobs. A client in the emergency department says, "Voices say someone is stalking me. They want to kill me because I developed a cure for cancer. I have a knife and will stab anyone who is a threat." Which aspects of the client's mental health have the greatest and most immediate concern to the nurse? (Select all that apply.) Happiness Appraisal of reality Control over behavior Effectiveness in work Healthy self-concept - Correct answer Appraisal of reality Control over behavior Healthy self-concept A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What do you think is wrong?" What is the nurse's best reply? "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now." "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence." "There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2." "Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan." - Correct answer "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence." This behavior is conventional of a child around the age of 2 years, whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The distracters indicate the child's behavior is abnormal. A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, "No!" Which psychosocial crisis is evident? Trust versus mistrust Initiative versus guilt Industry versus inferiority Autonomy versus shame and doubt - Correct answer Autonomy versus shame and doubt The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, "I want that now!" From a psychoanalytic perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious - Correct answer a. Id The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mother's wrath. 5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious - Correct answer c. Superego The superego contains the "shoulds," or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. . A nurse supports a parent for praising a child who behaves in helpful ways to others. When this child behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result? a. Guilt b. Anxiety c. Humility d. Self-esteem - Correct answer d. Self-esteem An adult says, "I never know the answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult? Initiative versus guilt Trust versus mistrust Autonomy versus shame and doubt Generativity versus self-absorption - Correct answer Autonomy versus shame and doubt Which statement by a client would lead the nurse to suspect unsuccessful completion of the psychosocial developmental task of infancy? "I know how to do things right, so I prefer jobs where I work alone rather than on a Refusal to eat or bathe. Reporting feelings of alienation from family. Reluctance to participate in unit social activities. Being unaware of medication action and side effects. - Correct answer Refusal to eat or bathe. The need for food and hygiene are physiological and therefore take priority over psychological or meta-needs in care planning. Operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique applies? Encourage the child to observe others talking. Include the child in small group activities. Give the child a small treat for speaking. Teach the child relaxation techniques. - Correct answer Give the child a small treat for speaking. Operant conditioning involves giving positive reinforcement for a desired behavior. Treats are rewards and reinforce speech through positive reinforcement. The parent of a child diagnosed with schizophrenia tearfully asks the nurse, "What could I have done differently to prevent this illness?" What is the nurse's best response? "Although schizophrenia results from impaired family relationships, try not to feel guilty. No one can predict how a child will respond to parental guidance." "Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function. You are not to blame for your child's illness." "There is still hope. Changing your parenting style can help your child learn to cope effectively with the environment." "Most mental illnesses result from genetic inheritance. Your genes are more at fault than your parenting." - Correct answer "Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function. You are not to blame for your child's illness." A nurse influenced by Peplau's interpersonal theory works with an anxious, withdrawn client. What principle will the interventions be focused on? Rewarding desired behaviors. Using assertive communication. Changing the client's self-concept. Administering medications to relieve anxiety. - Correct answer Using assertive communication. The nurse-client relationship is structured to provide a model for adaptive interpersonal relationships that can be generalized to others. Helping the client learn to use assertive communication will improve the client's interpersonal relationships. Consider this comment from a therapist: "The client is homosexual but has kept this preference secret. Severe anxiety and depression occur when the client anticipates family reactions to this sexual orientation." Which perspective is evident in the speaker? Theory of interpersonal relationships Classical conditioning theory Psychosexual theory Behaviorism theory - Correct answer Theory of interpersonal relationships The theory of interpersonal relationships recognizes the anxiety and depression as resulting from unmet interpersonal security needs. A psychotherapist works with an anxious, dependent client. Which strategy is most consistent with psychoanalytic psychotherapy? Identifying the client's strengths and assets Praising the client for describing feelings of isolation Focusing on feelings developed by the client toward the therapist Providing psychoeducation and emphasizing medication adherence - Correct answer Focusing on feelings developed by the client toward the therapist A person says, "I was the only survivor in a small plane crash. Three business associates died. I got depressed and saw a counselor twice a week for 4 weeks. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and I'm better now." Which type of therapy was used? Systematic desensitization Psychoanalysis Behavior modification Interpersonal psychotherapy - Correct answer Interpersonal psychotherapy Which technique is most applicable to aversion therapy? Punishment Desensitization Role modeling Positive reinforcement - Correct answer Punishment In-client hospitalization for persons with mental illness is generally reserved for clients who demonstrate which characteristic? present a clear danger to self or others. are noncompliant with medication at home. have limited support systems in the community. develop new symptoms during the course of an illness. - Correct answer present a clear danger to self or others. A client was hospitalized for 24 hours after a reaction to a psychotropic medication. While planning discharge, the case manager learned that the client received a notice of eviction immediately prior to admission. What is the case manager's most appropriate action? Postpone the client's discharge from the hospital. Contact the landlord who evicted the client to further discuss the situation. Arrange a temporary place for the client to stay until new housing can be arranged. Determine whether the adverse medication reaction was genuine because the client had nowhere to live. - Correct answer Arrange a temporary place for the client to stay until new housing can be arranged. What action is an example of tertiary prevention? Helping a person diagnosed with a serious mental illness learn to manage money Restraining an agitated client who has become aggressive and assaultive Teaching school-age children about the dangers of drugs and alcohol Genetic counseling with a young couple expecting their first child - Correct answer Helping a person diagnosed with a serious mental illness learn to manage money Tertiary prevention involves services that address residual impairments, with a goal of improved independent functioning. A client diagnosed with schizophrenia had an exacerbation related to medication non-adherence and was hospitalized for 5 days. The client's thoughts are now more organized, and discharge is planned. The client's family says, "It's too soon for discharge. We will just go through all this again." What action should the nurse take? ask the case manager to arrange a transfer to a long-term care facility. notify hospital security to handle the disturbance and escort the family off the unit. explain that the client will continue to improve if the medication is taken regularly. contact the health care provider to meet with the family and explain the discharge rationale. - Correct answer explain that the client will continue to improve if the medication is taken regularly. Clients do not stay in a hospital until every symptom disappears. The nurse must assume responsibility to advocate for the client's right to the least restrictive setting as soon as the symptoms are under control and for the right of citizens to control health care costs. A nurse inspects an inpatient psychiatric unit and finds that exits are free of obstructions, no one is smoking, and the janitor's closet is locked. What do these observations relate to? coordinating care of clients. management of milieu safety. management of the interpersonal climate. use of therapeutic intervention strategies. - Correct answer management of milieu safety. Nursing staff are responsible for all aspects of milieu management. The observations mentioned in this question directly relate to the safety of the unit. The other options, although part of the nurse's concerns, are unrelated to the observations cited. The psychiatric unit has one bed available. Which client should be admitted from the emergency department? The client feeling anxiety and a sad mood after separation from a spouse of 10 years. The client who self-inflicted a superficial cut on the forearm after a family argument. The client experiencing dry mouth and tremor related to taking antipsychotic medication. The client who is a new parent and hears voices saying, "Smother your baby." - Correct answer The client who is a new parent and hears voices saying, "Smother your baby." Admission to the hospital would be justified by the risk of client danger to self or others. The other clients have issues that can be handled with less restrictive alternatives than hospitalization. Primary preventions are directed at healthy populations with a goal of preventing health problems from occurring. Helping school-age children describe normal emotions people experience promotes coping, a skill that is needed throughout life. Which level of prevention activities would a nurse in an emergency department employ most often? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary - Correct answer secondary An emergency department nurse would generally see clients in crisis or with acute illness, so secondary prevention is used. Which scenario best depicts a behavioral crisis? A client is waving fists, cursing, and shouting threats at a nurse. A client is curled up in a corner of the bathroom, wrapped in a towel. A client is crying hysterically after receiving a phone call from a family member. A client is performing push-ups in the middle of the hall, forcing others to walk around. - Correct answer A client is waving fists, cursing, and shouting threats at a nurse. What is the initial action of a case manager who plans to discuss the treatment plan with a client's family? Determine an appropriate location for the conference. Support the discussion with examples of the client's behavior. Obtain the client's permission for the exchange of information. Determine which family members should participate in the conference. - Correct answer Obtain the client's permission for the exchange of information. After a Category 5 tornado hits a community and destroys many homes and businesses, a community mental health nurse encourages victims to describe their memories and feelings about the event. What does this action by the nurse best demonstrate? triage. primary prevention. psychosocial rehabilitation. psychiatric case management. - Correct answer primary prevention. Tornado victims are at risk for psychiatric problems as a consequence of stress and trauma. Primary prevention occurs before any problem is manifested and seeks to reduce the incidence, or rate of new cases. Primary prevention may prevent or delay the onset of symptoms in predisposed individuals. C A nurse makes an initial visit to a homebound client diagnosed with a serious mental illness. A family member offers the nurse a cup of coffee. What is the nurse's best response? "Thank you. I would enjoy having a cup of coffee with you." "Thank you, but I would prefer to proceed with the assessment." "No but thank you. I never accept drinks from clients or families." "Our agency policy prohibits me from eating or drinking in clients' homes." - Correct answer "Thank you. I would enjoy having a cup of coffee with you." Accepting refreshments or chatting informally with the client and family represent therapeutic use of self and help to establish rapport A nurse performed these actions while caring for clients in an inpatient psychiatric setting. Which action violated clients' rights? Prohibited a client from using the telephone In client's presence, opened a package mailed to client Remained within arm's length of client with homicidal ideation Permitted a client with psychosis to refuse oral psychotropic medication - Correct answer Prohibited a client from using the telephone The client has a right to use the telephone. The client should be protected against possible harm to self or others. Clients have rights to send and receive mail and be present during package inspection. Clients have rights to refuse treatment. The health care team at an inpatient psychiatric facility drafts these criteria for admission. Which criteria should be included in the final version of the admission policy? (Select all that apply.) Clear risk of danger to self or others Adjustment needed for doses of psychotropic medication Detoxification from long-term heavy alcohol consumption needed Respite for caregivers of persons with serious and persistent mental illness Failure of community-based treatment, demonstrating need for intensive treatment - Correct answer Clear risk of danger to self or others Detoxification from long-term heavy alcohol consumption needed Failure of community-based treatment, demonstrating need for intensive treatment A psychiatric nurse discusses rules of the therapeutic milieu and clients' rights with a newly admitted client. Which rights should be included? (Select all that apply.) The behavior indicates feelings of self-importance that the client wants others to appreciate. - Correct answer The military culture values timeliness. The client does not want to be late. Culture is more than ethnicity and social norms; it includes religious, geographic, socioeconomic, occupational, ability- or disability-related, and sexual orientation-related beliefs and behaviors. In this instance, the client's military experience represents an aspect of the client's behavior. A nurse in the clinic has a full appointment schedule. A Hispanic American client arrives at 1230 for a 1000 appointment. A Native American client does not keep an appointment at all. What understanding about the clients will improve the nurse's planning? They are members of cultural groups that have a different view of time. They are immature and irresponsible in health care matters. They are acting-out feelings of anger toward the system. They are displaying passive-aggressive tendencies. - Correct answer They are members of cultural groups that have a different view of time. The sibling of an Asian American client tells the nurse, "My sister needs help for pain. She cries from the hurt." Which understanding regarding persons of an Asian American heritage will help the nurse contribute to culturally competent care for this client? - Correct answer They often express emotional distress with physical symptoms. Which communication strategy would be most effective for a nurse to use during an assessment interview with an adult Native American client? - Correct answer Soft voice; break eye contact occasionally; general leads and reflective techniques. A Native American client sadly describes a difficult childhood. The client abused alcohol as a teenager but stopped 10 years ago. The client now says, "I feel stupid and good for nothing. I don't help my people." How should the treatment team focus planning for this client? - Correct answer Use a holistic approach, including mind, body, and spirit. A Native American client describes a difficult childhood and dropping out of high school. The client abused alcohol as a teenager to escape feelings of isolation but stopped 10 years ago. The client now says, "I feel stupid. I've never had a good job. I don't help my people." Which nursing diagnosis applies? - Correct answer Chronic low self-esteem Which viewpoint of an Asian American family will most affect decision making about care? The father is the authority figure. The mother is head of the household. Women should make their own decisions. Emotional communication styles are desirable. - Correct answer The father is the authority figure. A client in the emergency department shows a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including restlessness and anxiety. The client says, "I feel sad because evil spirits have overtaken my mind." Which worldview is most applicable to this individual? - Correct answer d. Indigenous/harmony An experienced psychiatric nurse plans to begin a new job in a community-based medication clinic. The clinic sees culturally diverse clients. Which action should the nurse take first to prepare for this position? - Correct answer Investigate cultural differences in clients' responses to psychotropic medications. A nurse prepares to teach important medication information to a client of Mexican heritage. How should the nurse manage the teaching environment? - Correct answer Stand very close to the client while teaching. Latin American cultures use close personal space, closer than many other minority groups. A psychoeducational session will discuss medication management for a culturally diverse group of clients. Group participants are predominantly members of minority cultures. Of the four staff nurses below, which nurse should lead this group? - Correct answer Older, mature registered nurse A client of German descent rocks back and forth, grimaces, and rubs both temples. What is the nurse's best action? - Correct answer Assess the client for pain. A Mexican American client puts a picture of the Virgin Mary on the bedside table. What is the nurse's best action? - Correct answer Leave the picture where the client placed it. A nurse begins work in an agency that provides care to members of a minority ethnic population. The nurse will be better able to demonstrate cultural competence by initially providing what intervention? - Correct answer exploring commonly held beliefs and values of the population. The nurse administers medications to a culturally diverse group of clients on a psychiatric unit. What expectation should the nurse have about pharmacokinetics? - Correct answer Clients of different cultural groups may metabolize medications at different rates. diagnosed with schizophrenia. As the nurse swabs the site, the client shouts, "Stop! I don't want to take that medicine anymore. I hate the side effects." What is the nurse's best action? - Correct answer Stop the medication administration procedure and say to the client, "Tell me more about the side effects you've been having." A newly admitted acutely psychotic client is a private client of the medical director and a private-pay client. To whom does the psychiatric nurse assigned to the client owe the duty of care? - Correct answer Client although the nurse is accountable to the health care provider, the agency, the client, and the profession, the duty of care is owed to the client. This duty reflects both legal and ethical standards of nursing practice. Which action by a nurse constitutes a breach of a client's right to privacy? - Correct answer Releasing information to the client's employer without consent An adolescent hospitalized after a violent physical outburst tells the nurse, "I'm going to kill my father, but you can't tell anyone." What is the nurse's best response? - Correct answer "I am obligated to share that information with the treatment team." A voluntarily hospitalized client tells the nurse, "Get me the forms for discharge. I want to leave now." What is the nurse's best response? - Correct answer "I will get them for you, but let's talk about your decision to leave treatment." A voluntarily admitted client has the right to demand and obtain release in most states. However, as a client advocate, the nurse is responsible for weighing factors related to the client's wishes and best interests. When private insurance will not pay for continued private hospitalization of a mentally ill client, he family considers transferring the client to a public hospital but expresses concern that the client will not get any treatment if transferred. What is the nurse's most helpful reply? - Correct answer "By law, treatment must be provided. Hospitalization without treatment violates clients' rights." Which behavior demonstrated by an individual diagnosed with mental illness may require emergency or involuntary admission? - Correct answer d. Throwing a heavy plate at a waiter at the direction of command hallucinations. Throwing a heavy plate is likely to harm the waiter and is evidence of dangerousness to others. This behavior meets the criteria for emergency or involuntary hospitalization for mental illness. A family member of a client with delusions of persecution asks the nurse, "Are there any circumstances under which the treatment team is justified in violating a client's right to confidentiality?" What is the nurse's best response? - Correct answer If the client threatens the life of another person. The duty to warn a person whose life has been threatened by a psychiatric client overrides the client's right to confidentiality. The right to confidentiality is not suspended at the discretion of the therapist or for legal investigations. A new antidepressant is prescribed for an elderly client diagnosed with major depressive disorder, but the dose is more than the usual geriatric dose. What action should the nurse take? - Correct answer Withhold the medication and confer with the health care provider. A client experiencing psychosis became aggressive, struck another client, and so required seclusion. What is the best documentation regarding this situation? - Correct answer Client pacing, shouting. Haloperidol 5 mg given PO at 1300. No effect by 1315. At 1415 client yelled, "I'll punch anyone who gets near me," and struck another client with fist. Physically placed in seclusion at 1420. Seclusion order obtained from Dr. Smith at 1430. Documentation must be specific and detail the key aspects of care. It should demonstrate implementation of the least restrictive alternative. Justification for why a client was secluded should be recorded, along with interventions attempted in an effort to avoid seclusion. Documentation should include a description of behavior and verbalizations, interventions tried and their outcomes, and the name of the health care provider ordering the use of seclusion. A person in the community asks, "Why aren't people with mental illness kept in state institutions anymore?" What is the nurse's best response? - Correct answer "Less restrictive settings are available now to care for individuals with mental illness." A client experiencing psychosis asks a psychiatric technician, "What's the matter with me?" The technician replies, "Nothing is wrong with you. You just need to use some self-control." On what basis should the nurse who overheard the exchange should take action? - Correct answer Violation of the client's right to be treated with dignity and respect.