Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

Download Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology Ch 8 Docsity.com Psychophysiological Disorders • Psychophysiological Disorders involve genuine physical disorders – Physical symptoms can be caused by or worsened by emotional distress – The category recognizes that a broad range of diseases involving the circulatory, respiratory, digestive and central nervous systems can be influenced by stress Ch 8.1 Docsity.com  Historical Developments – Psychosomatic Medicine – Behavioral Medicine – Health Psychology  Study Psychological Factors Important for the Promotion and Maintenance of Heath  Not Interdisciplinary Docsity.com  Two Kinds of Influence – Lead to Illness and Disease – Increase Risk of Developing Disease – Influence Etiology & Maintenance  Factors That: Docsity.com How Do Psychological and Social Factors Influence Medical Illness? Figure 9.2 Psychosocial factors directly affect physical health Docsity.com Measuring Stress: Social Readjustment Rating Scale • The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) – Rates the stressfulness of various life events. – Initial scale development • Research participants asked to rate various life experiences for stress impact (marriage = 500) • Final version of scale rank orders life events and assigns proportional score to each event. – Total score on the scale is correlated with diseases such as heart attack and leukemia Ch 8.4 Docsity.com Measuring Stress: Assessment of Daily Experience Scale • Assessment of Daily Experience (ADE, Stone & Neale, 1982) – Respondents record and rate their life experiences during each day – Research shows that adverse life events increase prior to an illness Docsity.com Daily Stress & Illness Figure 8.3 Number of desirable events for the ten days preceding an episode of respiratory infection. After Stone, Reed, & Neale, 1987 Figure 8.4 Number of undesirable events in the ten days preceding an episode of respiratory infection. After Stone, Reed, and Neale, 1987 Docsity.com Biological Theories of the Stress-Illness Link • Somatic-Weakness theory holds that a weak organ system may be susceptible to disruption by stress • Specific-Reaction theory suggests that people respond to stress in unique ways, some organ systems show greater reactivity than do other systems • Allostatic load (McEwen & Seeman, 1999) – When stressors are acute or occur repeatedly, the biological responses to stress (e.g., cortisol secretion) can an have aversive impact on body. – Over time, stress response itself may overwhelm the system Ch 8.5 Docsity.com Increased undesirable events and decreased desirable events Increased negative mood Lowered secretory IgA antibody Increased tisk for infection if a virus is encountered Psychological Theories of the Stress- Illness Link • Psychoanalytic view holds that specific conflicts give rise to psychophysiological disorders • Cognitive-Behavioral view proposes that humans have higher cognitive functions which can amplify and extend the duration of arousal of our bodies Ch 8.6 Docsity.com Coronary Heart Disease • Coronary Heart Disease refers to – Angina pectoris: periodic chest pains • Reduced oxygen supply to heart – Myocardial infarction: heart attack • Brought on by a cutoff of oxygen to the heart muscle • Risk factors for MI include age, gender (males), elevated blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive use of alcohol and diabetes Ch 8.9 Docsity.com Diatheses for Coronary Heart Disease • Psychological diatheses for CHD include: – Type A behavior pattern (time urgency, competitive, aggressive/hostile) – High levels of anger – Cynicism – Type D personality: high levels of anger, anxiety and depression as well as low levels of emotional expression • Biological diatheses: focus is on reactivity Ch 8.10 Docsity.com Asthma • Characteristics: air passages suddenly narrow, breathing becomes hard (wheezy) • Triggered by allergens, pollution, viruses, cold, and emotional states • Dominant Etiologic Factor (Rees, 1964) – Allergic (23%) – Infective (38%) (but 86% had had infection) – Psychological (37%) Docsity.com