Pumped Storage Hydro System - Energy Source Analysis - Past Paper, Exams of Material Engineering

Download Pumped Storage Hydro System - Energy Source Analysis - Past Paper and more Exams Material Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 of 6 CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ Winter Examinations 2011 Module Title: Energy Source Analysis Module Code: ELEC9001 School: Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Programme Title: Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering (Environment and Energy) Postgraduate Diploma in Civil Engineering (Environment and Energy) Programme Code: CENEN_9_Y5 CENVE_9_Y5 External Examiner(s): Mr P J Rudden, Prof Padraic O’Donoghue Internal Examiner(s): Kevin Davis Instructions: Answer Any 4 Questions Duration: 2 Hours Sitting: Winter 2011 Requirements for this examination: Note to Candidates: Please check the Programme Title and the Module Title to ensure that you have received the correct examination paper. If in doubt please contact an Invigilator. Page 2 of 6 1. (a) Explain the benefits of a pumped storage hydro system to the TSO of an electricity Grid. (8 marks) (b) Describe two methods to classify hydroelectric systems? (5 marks) (c) Design a 1/10 scaled model of a proposed Hydroelectric system. The Hydro system has a 47MW output when operated at 650rpm and the system Head is 68m. The available model Head is only 8m (i) Calculate the output power from the model (4 marks) (ii) What is the rotational speed in the model turbine? (4 marks) (iii) Compare the actual and model specific speeds. (4 marks) Assume Hnet =Hgross 100% turbine efficiency 100% generator efficiency 2. (a) Outline the environmental impacts associated with wind farms. Your answer should include explanations of the following terms i. Shadow flicker ii. ZVI iii. Electromagnetic interference (9 marks) (b) Outline the environmental impacts of Hydroelectric systems (8 marks) (c) Critically evaluate the impact of European Directive (2009/28/EC) on the development of the SEPS industry in Ireland? (8 marks) 3. (a) Evaluate the role of “Wind Shear” in the design of wind energy systems. (5 marks) (b) A wind farm, with 9 identical wind turbines, has a capacity factor of 43% and an annual energy output of 27.8GWh. Assuming identical energy output from each turbine, determine the nameplate rating of each turbine and examine the relationship between capacity factor and turbine selection for a wind farm site. (8 marks) (c) Using the power curve for the Wind Turbine (Table 2 and figure 1) and the annual Wind Speed distribution table (Table 3) for a site, calculate potential gross annual income assuming an export payment of 6.3 cents per kWh. (12 marks) Page 5 of 6 Wind Speed (m/s) Hours at this wind speed Wind Speed (m/s) Hours at this wind speed 1 150 7 1440 2 400 8 850 3 690 9 410 4 980 10 120 5 1560 11 95 6 2010 12 50 Table 3 Wind Speed Distribution Terrain Type Zo (mm) Very smooth ice/mud 0.01 Calm open sea 0.2 Blown sea 0.5 Snow surface 3 Lawn grass 8 Rough Pasture 10 Few trees 100 Forest/Woodland 500 Suburbs 1500 Table 4 Surface Roughness Lengths Page 6 of 6 Useful Formulae Density of Air = 1.225 kg/m 3 Density of water = 1000kg/m 3              zo zr zo z Uzr Uz ln ln              g U D L fH f 2 4 2 QHgP net  max lossesHHH fgrossnet min_ 2/5Hnet PNNs    QHgP net bDD I  egCpAUP   35.0 A Q U  QbaQI 25.0 netj HgCvU  2 aHH I  UaU I 5.0 PbaP I 25.1 nbanI 15.0          Zr Z Uzr Uz