Questions on Introduction to Ecology - Exam 3 Study Guide | PCB 3043, Exams of Ecology and Environment

Download Questions on Introduction to Ecology - Exam 3 Study Guide | PCB 3043 and more Exams Ecology and Environment in PDF only on Docsity! PCB 3043 Ecology Exam 3 Name __________________ Panther ID __________________ There are 110 points on this exam. Your score will be totaled out of 100 (you have 10 free points). Fill-in-the-Blank and Circle One – 2 points each Other species may restrict the distribution of a given species to parts of its fundamental niche where it is more successful; this subset of the fundamental niche is called the realized niche. When two related species exhibit differences related to resource acquisition when they co-occur but fail to show such differences when they occur separately, the differences noted when they co- occur may have arisen through character displacement The association observed between the Clark’s Nutcracker and Piñon Pine is an example of what type of mutualistic interaction? Obligate non-symbiotic mutualism In the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, variation in numbers of species on islands of different sizes is seen as a function of differences in rates of extinction. Chemicals produced by plants that interfere with their assimilation by herbivores are in the quantitative category of defenses. Periodic production of massive amounts of seeds by some tree species to overwhelm herbivores is called masting. The Competitive Exclusion Principle is the hypothesis that two or more species cannot coexist on a single resource that is scarce relative to the demand for it. The familiar saguaro cacti of the Sonoran desert cannot establish from seed in full sun. Instead, these cacti germinate and grow initially in the shelter of shrubs, in an excellent example of facilitation_. In certain species-poor communities, succession continually repeats itself, with the community of each microsite undergoing regeneration, growth, damage, and decline in what has been termed a cyclical climax. True or False (circle one): When one prey species mimics another unpalatable prey species (the model) to reduce its own risk of predation, the mimic is always palatable to predators. Yes or No (circle one) When you are presented with a value of a diversity index, can you tell how many species were present in the sample? Availability of refuges to prey from predators tends to increase or decrease (circle one) the amplitude of oscillations in predator/prey models. Circle one – 3 points each In the Lotka-Volterra population model for a predator population, which of the following processes is affected by prey? A) births B) deaths C) both births and deaths Type II and type III functional responses differ little at higher prey densities. Both exhibit: A) a leveling-off in consumption rates of individual predators as prey density increases. B) a linear increase in consumption rates of individual predators as prey density increases. C) a decline in consumption rates of individual predators as prey density increases. What separates the Type II and III functional responses? A) In the type III response, the proportion of prey consumed is increased at lower prey densities. B) In the type III response, the proportion of prey consumed is decreased at lower prey densities. C) There is no meaningful difference between the type II and type III responses. In the Lotka-Volterra population model for a prey population, dR/dt = rR − cRP, which of the terms on the right-hand side of the equation incorporates dependence on predator abundance? A) rR B) cRP Which of the following explanations of the species-area relationship would lead one to conclude that the relationship is nothing more than an artifact? A) The number of species increases with area because larger areas have more habitats. B) The number of species increases with area because larger areas support more stable populations. C) The number of species increases with area because larger areas contain a greater number of individuals. In the Lotka-Volterra population model for a prey population, which of the following processes is affected by predators? A) births B) deaths C) both births and deaths In models relating relative sizes of mammalian predators and their prey, scientists found that __________ eventually became a limiting factor as increasingly large predators attempted to sustain their energy needs on small prey. A) risk of attack by even larger predators C) risk of injury caused by prey B) hunting time D) lack of digestibility