Quick C Programming Language Reference Cheat Sheet, Cheat Sheet of C programming

Download Quick C Programming Language Reference Cheat Sheet and more Cheat Sheet C programming in PDF only on Docsity! A Quick Reference to C Programming Language Structure of a C Program #include(stdio.h) /* include IO library */ #include... /* include other files */ #define.. /* define constants */ /* Declare global variables*/) (variable type)(variable list); /* Define program functions */ (type returned)(function name)(parameter list) (declaration of parameter types) { (declaration of local variables); (body of function code); } /* Define main function*/ main ((optional argc and argv arguments)) (optional declaration parameters) { (declaration of local variables); (body of main function code); } Comments Format: /*(body of comment) */ Example: /*This is a comment in C*/ Constant Declarations Format: #define(constant name)(constant value) Example: #define MAXIMUM 1000 Type Definitions Format: typedef(datatype)(symbolic name); Example: typedef int KILOGRAMS; Variables Declarations: Format: (variable type)(name 1)(name 2),...; Example: int firstnum, secondnum; char alpha; int firstarray[10]; int doublearray[2][5]; char firststring[1O]; Initializing: Format: (variable type)(name)=(value); Example: int firstnum=5; Assignments: Format: (name)=(value); Example: firstnum=5; Alpha='a'; Unions Declarations: Format: union(tag) {(type)(member name); (type)(member name); ... }(variable name); Example: union demotagname {int a; float b; }demovarname; Assignment: Format: (tag).(member name)=(value); demovarname.a=1; demovarname.b=4.6; Structures Declarations: Format: struct(tag) {(type)(variable); (type)(variable); ... }(variable list); Example: struct student {int idnum; int finalgrade; char lettergrade; } first,second,third; } WHILE LOOP Format: while ((condition)) (simple statement); while ((condition)) { (compound statement); } DO WHILE LOOP Format: do (simple statement)' while ((condition)) do { (compound statement); } while ((condition)); IF CONDITIONAL Format: if ((condition)) (simple statement); if ((condition)) { (compound statement); } IF... ELSE CONDITIONAL Format: if ((condition)) (statement 1); else (statement 2); SWITCH Format: switch ((expression)) {case (value 1):(statement 1); case (value 2):(statement 2); ... default:(default statement); } Function Definitions Format: (type returned)(function name)((parameter list)) (declaration of parameter list variables) { (declaration of local variables); (body of function code); } Example: Int. adder(a,b) int a,b; {int c; c = a + b; return (c); } Pointers Declaration of pointer variable: Format: (type)*(variable name); Examples: int *p; struct student *classmember; The major ingradients of C Programming language: A C program consists of a main function and several program functions. The program can also access many external functions that are contained in the header file and C library. • The roles of the main function include declaring global variables, defining program functions and specifying the sources of external functions. • The header file normally contains frequently used utility functions such as IO library, etc. • The program function carries out a specific task of the program, acting as a building block of the program. Arguments can be used to pass values. The name of the function can also be used as a variable of specified type to return a value to the main program. • An array is indexed by a pointer. The pointer starts at 0, rather than 1. In the simple tutorial of Introduction to C Programming, we will learn the very basic elements of a C program through an example. To under each elements of this short program and try to add additional features to the program.