Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System: Key Terms and Concepts, Quizzes of Speech-Language Pathology

Download Neuroanatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System: Key Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Speech-Language Pathology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Why is there controversy DEFINITION 1 complex systemprofessionals poorly trained and educatedclinicians often perform poorlyafraid of systempertinent lit not read TERM 2 Neff and Cryoloop Cooling DEFINITION 2 temporarily damaging the brain by freezing different parts of it to show before, during, and post cooling effects TERM 3 Complete Central Deafness DEFINITION 3 when you damage both paths a person is completely deaf even though peripheral system is intactmay recover due to plasticity TERM 4 Hugdahl and functional imaging data DEFINITION 4 auditory stimulus results in the auditory cortex being activated in the fMRI TERM 5 Laterality effects DEFINITION 5 Boccashown on central tests that both sides are unequaldichotic listening has RE advantage of 3-7% TERM 6 Differential AEP Data DEFINITION 6 if you damage the temporal lobe and do central AEPs, it will be abnormal on site of lesionNot true for other lobes of the brain TERM 7 Neural Arborization DEFINITION 7 branching and synapses connecting to other areas of the brainrequires plasticitydev and aging forces arborization as the brain learns and adapts TERM 8 Redundancy DEFINITION 8 many neurons can take place of damaged ones: more aud nerves in the brain than in the PNSthe more complex the sound the more neurons needed to break down the code TERM 9 3 Main Contra Pathways DEFINITION 9 1. ventral: close to surface of pons, least protected2. intermediate3. dorsal: very deep in pons, most protected TERM 10 Reticular Activating System DEFINITION 10 located throughout the brainstemalerting system to the brainvery quick system: 12-15 msecarborization to the cerebellum happens at the level of the midbrain TERM 21 3 Things the brain will do at the level of the AN DEFINITION 21 modify the signalpreserve the characteristics the AN has codednothing TERM 22 5 types of neurons DEFINITION 22 pyramidaloctopusglobalmultipolarspherical TERM 23 pyramidal cells DEFINITION 23 response is "PAUSER"---pauser has spike, shuts down quickly, and starts back upfound in DCN TERM 24 octopus cells DEFINITION 24 large, doesn't do muchresponse is "ON"---spike, and extremely shortresponsive to click stimulifound in PVCN TERM 25 Global Cell DEFINITION 25 response is "PRIMARY-LIKE"found in AVCN TERM 26 multipolar cell DEFINITION 26 response is 'CHOPPER"found in PVCN TERM 27 spherical cell DEFINITION 27 response is "PRIMARY-LIKE"found in VCN TERM 28 Processing DEFINITION 28 post stimulatory time histogram--14 cell types in the CN-- 200K neurons in the CN project to SOC--200K neurons in the SOC with different cell types that modify the signal again-- continues at every level prior to reaching the auditory cortex of the brain TERM 29 how is intensity coded at the brain DEFINITION 29 1. firing rate dictates intensity2. number of fibers: the more active fibers the higher the intensity of 3. inhibitory/excitatory neurons (level of CANS of cortex)Three types of cells: A, B, and C TERM 30 cells for intensity coding at the BS DEFINITION 30 type A: monotonic, as you increase the firing rate the potential will increase 1:1. if damaged: wont heartype B: for lower intensities (50 dB SPL) and starts to plateau, roll offtype C: very shallow intensity fcn, rollover quickly. increasing intensity results in little/no response TERM 31 Brainstem Fusion Phenomenon DEFINITION 31 Mascar, 1959merging of informationthe first step of localization and lateralization at the SOC TERM 32 Binaural interference Phenomenon DEFINITION 32 Jerger 1990bad input on one side with good input on other = overall performance will be less than the goo ear but better than the poorbinaural HAs don't always work TERM 33 Conduction Velocity of nerve fibers DEFINITION 33 Myelinated: >5-100 meters/secUnmyelinated: >2 meters/secthe more complex the task/stim the greater the number of neural substrate/circuitry/neurons needed to decode itneed high velocity circuitry to process speech signal