QUIZ 2 | CSES 3114 - Soils, Quizzes of Soil Physics

Download QUIZ 2 | CSES 3114 - Soils and more Quizzes Soil Physics in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 pedon DEFINITION 1 3D body of soil that we classify TERM 2 polypedon DEFINITION 2 a landscape grouping of contiguous and similar soils. Basis of mapping as is also called a soil individual. TERM 3 USA soil classification system DEFINITION 3 Soil Taxonomy- managed by the Soil Survey Division of the USDA- Natural Resources Conservation Service. TERM 4 soils are classified by: DEFINITION 4 measureable morphological and physical properties along with minimal lab tests. TERM 5 Anthropic (A) DEFINITION 5 Human-modified mollic-like horizon, high in available P TERM 6 Histic (O) DEFINITION 6 Very high in organic content, wet during some part of the year.Has 20 to 40cm of saturated organic soil materials.Usually marshes and swamps. TERM 7 Mollic (A) DEFINITION 7 Thick, dark-colored, high base saturation, strong structure, high pH and OM. TERM 8 Ochric (A) DEFINITION 8 Too light-colored, low organic content or thin to be Mollic; may be hard and massive when dry.Dominant epipedon on 90% of Virginia. TERM 9 Umbric (A) DEFINITION 9 Same as Mollic except low base saturation."Not good enough to be Mollic) TERM 10 Albic Subsurface Horizon DEFINITION 10 highly leached and weathered- E TERM 21 Aridisols DEFINITION 21 id - L. aridus, dry TERM 22 Entisols DEFINITION 22 ent - nonsense symbol TERM 23 Gelisols DEFINITION 23 el - Gk. gelid, very cold TERM 24 Histosols DEFINITION 24 ist - Gk. histos, tissue TERM 25 Inceptisols DEFINITION 25 ept - L. inceptum, beginning TERM 26 Mollisols DEFINITION 26 oll - L. mollis, soft TERM 27 Oxisols DEFINITION 27 ox - Fr. oxide, oxide TERM 28 Spodosols DEFINITION 28 od - Gk. spodos, wood ash TERM 29 Ultisols DEFINITION 29 ult - L. ultimus, last TERM 30 Vertisols DEFINITION 30 ert - L. verto, turn TERM 31 Gelisols (el) DEFINITION 31 Soils with permafrost within 100 cm or cryoturbation within 100 cm plus permafrost within 200cm TERM 32 Histosols DEFINITION 32 Soils with organic soil materials extending down to an impermeable layer or with an organic layer that is more than 40cm thick and without andic properties. TERM 33 Spodosols (od) DEFINITION 33 Soils with a spodic horizon within 2m of soil surface and without andic properties.White/ Black/ Red TERM 34 Andisols DEFINITION 34 Soils with andic properties (low density, from volcanic ash, high in allophane and CEC) TERM 35 Oxisols DEFINITION 35 within 150cm of soil surface- highly weathered tropical soils TERM 46 Subgroup DEFINITION 46 If not typical ("Typic") of the central concept of the Great Group, then the differing property is named. TERM 47 Aquic DEFINITION 47 Wet at surface in growing season TERM 48 Udic DEFINITION 48 Moist most of growing season TERM 49 Ustic DEFINITION 49 Significant periods of drought TERM 50 Aridic DEFINITION 50 Dry in the growing season TERM 51 Xeric DEFINITION 51 Pronounced wet/dry Mediterranean type climate TERM 52 Family DEFINITION 52 particle size, mineralogy class, CEC class and soil temperature class TERM 53 Series DEFINITION 53 Most defined classification level for soil individuals. All members of series have similar parent material, horizons, depth, drainage class, and overall morphology. TERM 54 Phase DEFINITION 54 slope, erosion, stoniness TERM 55 Hyperthermic DEFINITION 55 Temperature Regimes- rare freezes, can grow citrus TERM 56 Thermic DEFINITION 56 Temperature Regimes- Long growing season, can grow cotton, loblolly but not citrus commercially TERM 57 Mesic DEFINITION 57 Temperature Regimes- moderate growing season, can grow corn TERM 58 Frigid DEFINITION 58 Temperature Regimes- short growing season, can grow wheat TERM 59 Cryic DEFINITION 59 Temperature Regimes- Too cold for commercial crops TERM 60 Gellic DEFINITION 60 Permafrost regions TERM 71 Granular Shape DEFINITION 71 A horizon- max exchange of air, gas, water TERM 72 Platy shape DEFINITION 72 flat and plate like ( E horizon) TERM 73 Prism shape DEFINITION 73 no water or air movement TERM 74 Slickensides DEFINITION 74 wedge-shaped (Bss horizon) TERM 75 Rock structure- 2 pathways DEFINITION 75 1.Rock-controlled structure- if weathered from rock and becoming soil and retains the rock shape or is constricted by in situ by remaining bedrock fragments2. Flood-controlled structure- if it has the layering associated with many rocks, but has never been rock. TERM 76 macropores DEFINITION 76 >0.08 mm TERM 77 micropores DEFINITION 77 <0.08mm TERM 78 Factors Promoting Aggregation DEFINITION 78 1. Polyvalent exhangeable cations like Na2. Shrink-swell from wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles3. active microbial biomass generating humic substances and "glues"4. Fe and Al-oxides stabilize many aggregates TERM 79 Tilth DEFINITION 79 an old generic term used to describe the physical condition of the soil in relation to plant growth."Good tilth" means the soil is loose, non-plastic, and not dense