Evolution of Human Brain and Neanderthals: Terms and Concepts, Quizzes of Psychology of Human Development

Download Evolution of Human Brain and Neanderthals: Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Psychology of Human Development in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Russel Wallace DEFINITION 1 Developed own theory of evolution, nearly published, prompting Darwin to publish his Origin of Species. TERM 2 Neanderthalensis DEFINITION 2 Close evolutionary neighbor who has gone extinct, according to flow chart shared with us (Homo Sapiens) our immediate ancestors Homo Heidelbergensis and Homo ErgasterWas adapted to colder climates, large nostrils, barrel chestHad use of language, likely a high pitched voice, endocasts indicate Wernicke's and Broca's area TERM 3 Microevolution DEFINITION 3 examples: Hominid Homo Sapiens is taller than our ancestors.Giraffes evolved long necks. TERM 4 Endocast DEFINITION 4 examines the shape of the INTERIOR of a fossil skull, helps indicate shape of the brain mass inside.Indicates Homo Neanderthanlensis had speech (Broca/Wernicke's areas) TERM 5 Trends in Human Brain Evolution DEFINITION 5 Higher Domed Skull for prefrontal lobesIncreasing complexityincreasing cranial capacity (375cc- 1300cc)Development of Language centers TERM 6 MacLean's TriUne brain Theory DEFINITION 6 The simplified 3 tier view of the brain:Neomammalian (cortex) - newest, most advanced, language, complex thinkingPaleomammalian or Old mammalian- Limbic system- emotional brain, memoryReptilian Brain - Brainstem - Breathing, reproduction fight or flight, striate cortex + reticular formation TERM 7 Reticular Formation DEFINITION 7 The reticular formation is a region in the brainstem that is involved in multiple tasks such as regulating the sleep-wake cycle and filtering incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli. TERM 8 Criticism of MacLeans Model: DEFINITION 8 Not entirely accurate: Some parts of the limbic system are parts of the forebrain and are more advanced.overly simple TERM 9 Spandrel DEFINITION 9 Evolutionary leftover, vestigial, something that did not evolve for the purpose it is used for by natural selection, but became useful in it's current capacity TERM 10 exaptation DEFINITION 10 Exaptation, cooption, and preadaptation are related terms referring to shifts in the function of a trait during evolution. Basically it's an evolved trait, (see spandrel) that is used for a different purpose than it's reason for evolving.Wings are Exaptations of arms/balance limbs for walking.