Water: Its Functions, Control, and Role in Metabolism, Quizzes of Zoology

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TERM 1 two functions of water DEFINITION 1 major component in body metabolismmajor factor in body temp control TERM 2 three ways water helps control heat DEFINITION 2 perspirationrespirationradiation TERM 3 perspiration DEFINITION 3 evaporation removes heat TERM 4 respiration DEFINITION 4 changes with temp TERM 5 radiation DEFINITION 5 skin capillaries TERM 6 capillaries are closer during DEFINITION 6 summer monthsdissipate heat TERM 7 water is DEFINITION 7 most abundant and cheapest TERM 8 water mass in adults DEFINITION 8 1-2/3 of body mass TERM 9 water mass in newborns DEFINITION 9 80-90% TERM 10 potable DEFINITION 10 drinkable TERM 21 water sources DEFINITION 21 drinkingwater in feedmetabolic water- 10% of total intake- produced during digestion TERM 22 spring grass ___% water DEFINITION 22 90 TERM 23 animals that hibernate depend on DEFINITION 23 metabolic water TERM 24 metabolic water also called DEFINITION 24 water of oxidationglucose + 6O2 > 6co2 + 6h2o TERM 25 animals from arid environments depend on DEFINITION 25 metabolic waterdesert ratscamels TERM 26 water losses DEFINITION 26 urine, feces, insensible water, sweat TERM 27 loss is continuous in DEFINITION 27 lungsskinkidney TERM 28 water in urine is a DEFINITION 28 solvent for excretion productsurea in animalsuric acid in birds and reptiles TERM 29 fecal losses of water in humans DEFINITION 29 7-10% of urinary water TERM 30 loss of water via swaet DEFINITION 30 may be large in humans and horses TERM 31 loss of water from blood will increase DEFINITION 31 hematocrit- portion of red blood cells in bloodheart rate- blood isn't fluid enoughresistance to flowblood viscosity TERM 32 symptoms of water deprivation DEFINITION 32 reduced feed intakedecreased water exretionloss of emotional stability TERM 33 percent water loss and symptoms DEFINITION 33 4.5- discomfort6-10 headache incoordination - inner ear12- 14 eye sunken, inability to swallow TERM 34 repletion can occur in DEFINITION 34 1-2 hours TERM 35 dietary factors affecting water DEFINITION 35 dry matter intake- most important, dry vs wetwater content of feedhigh levels of protein= more wateryoung mammals consuming only milk TERM 46 carbs have no DEFINITION 46 nitrogen TERM 47 ch2o comprise DEFINITION 47 70-75% of plant dm TERM 48 grains contain DEFINITION 48 80-85% ch2o TERM 49 contrast 1% of animal is DEFINITION 49 ch2oglucoseglycogen TERM 50 glycolysis DEFINITION 50 anaerobic TERM 51 simple ch2o DEFINITION 51 have empirical structurecnh2non TERM 52 comlex carb DEFINITION 52 cn h2n-2 on-1 TERM 53 when two or more mono are joined DEFINITION 53 one or more molecules of water is lose TERM 54 chemically ch2os are DEFINITION 54 polyhydroxyl aldehydes and ketones TERM 55 pentoses DEFINITION 55 5 cabons (c5h10o5) TERM 56 common pentoses DEFINITION 56 arabinosexyloseribose TERM 57 arabinose DEFINITION 57 pectinspolysaccharides TERM 58 xylose DEFINITION 58 corn cobwoodpolysaccharides TERM 59 ribose DEFINITION 59 nucleic acids TERM 60 hexoses DEFINITION 60 6carbons(c6h1206)monosaccharidessimple sugar TERM 71 pentosans DEFINITION 71 araban- arabinose, pectinsxylan- xylose, corn cobs and woodpolysaccharides TERM 72 hexosans DEFINITION 72 starchdextrincellulose TERM 73 starch DEFINITION 73 glucoseplant energy storagegrains, seeds, tubershighly digestibletwo types, amylose and amylopectin TERM 74 dextrin DEFINITION 74 glucose,partial hydrolytic product of starch TERM 75 cellulose DEFINITION 75 glucosecell walls of plantshigh conentration in plantsonly microbial enxymes can digestmaturity of plants often see increase in cellulosegives plant rigidity TERM 76 glycogen> DEFINITION 76 glucose; liver and muscle TERM 77 linolin DEFINITION 77 fructose; protatoes tubers, artichokes TERM 78 mixed polysaccharides DEFINITION 78 hemicellulosepectinsgums TERM 79 hemicellulose DEFINITION 79 mix of pentoses and hexosesfound in fibrous plantsprimary component of cell walls in plantsutilized by horses and ruminantshigher digestibility than cellulosemetabolized into VFAs rather than glucose TERM 80 pectins DEFINITION 80 pentoses and hexoses mixed with salts of complex acidsfound in apples citrus alfalfain space between cell wallstremendous water holding capacityoften used to reduce diarrhea in infants and calves TERM 81 gums DEFINITION 81 pentoses and hexosescertain plants are high in gumsnot readily digested even by microbes TERM 82 poly saccharide like DEFINITION 82 ligninnot a true polysaccharidemix of polymers of phenolic acidincreases rigidity of plantsas plants mature lignin increasesfound in woody parts of plantsnot digestible by animal or microbes TERM 83 ch2o >NFE = DEFINITION 83 soluble sugars + starchhighly digested TERM 84 ch2o > crude fiber= DEFINITION 84 cellulose + hemicellulose + lignin+ pectinspoorly digestedonly microbes have cellulose to cleave cellulose and hemicellulose TERM 85 only ____absorbed through SI DEFINITION 85 monosaccharides TERM 96 cori cycle DEFINITION 96 lactic acid cycleif muscles need energy in an emergency of for a sprint racing event most of the atp will be derived from muscle glycoen by glycolysismature rbc do not contain mitochondriadepend on anaerobic oxidation of glucose for their atp supply TERM 97 anaerobic metabolism of glucose DEFINITION 97 no oxygenimportant in exercising muscleatp is generated very rapidly and a faster rateeventually we become out of breathalso important in the retina and kidney medulla TERM 98 glucose is metabolized to DEFINITION 98 lactateglycolysis continues but lactate accumulatesthis is the oxygen debt when oxygen is present again, lactate has to be oxidized back to pyruvate in the liverthis pyruvate will be converted to glucose TERM 99 stage 2 DEFINITION 99 tca cyclecitric acid cycle or krebs cyclecell respiration8 step reaction sequenceacetyl coa > co2 h2o atp heatatp used for muscle contraction, protein synthesis TERM 100 38 moles atps per DEFINITION 100 1 glucose molecule8 from glycolysis24 from tca6 from pyruvate to aca TERM 101 stage 3 DEFINITION 101 electron transport systemocccurs within the mitochondria in close proximity to tca cyclep uptake by adp to form atptransfer of electrons to o2free energy trapped as atp TERM 102 glycogenesis DEFINITION 102 synthesis of glycognsynthesis of glycogen from glucoseliverinsulin initiates reactions TERM 103 glycogenolysis DEFINITION 103 breakdown of glycogen to glucosestarvation fasting prolonged exerciseepinephrine stimulates- breakdown of glycogen to glucoseglucagon stimulates- blood glucose leelsenergy boost