Chemistry Vocabulary: Bonds, Acids, and Compounds - Prof. Thomas Abbott, Study notes of Biology

Download Chemistry Vocabulary: Bonds, Acids, and Compounds - Prof. Thomas Abbott and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 20. Hydrogen bond a type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another region of the same molecule) 21. Ion an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge 22. Ionic bond a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions 23. Isotopes one of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons 24. Mass number the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus 25. Matter anything that occupies space and has mass 26. Molecule two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds 27. Neutron a subatomic particle having no electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom 28. Nonpolar covalent bonds a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity 29. Nucleus (atom) an atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons 30. ocean acidification decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels 31. pH scale a measure of the relative acidity of a solution, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). The letters pH stand for potential hydrogen and refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) 32. Polar covalent bonds a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive 33. Polar molecule a molecule containing polar covalent bonds and having an unequal distribution of charges 34. Product an ending material in a chemical reaction 35. Proton a subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom 36. Radioactive isotopes an isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy 37. Reactants a starting material in a chemical reaction 1. Acid a substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution 2. acid precipitation rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.2 3. Adhesion the attraction between different kinds of molecules 4. Aqueous solution a solution in which water is the solvent 5. Atom the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element 6. Atomic mass the total mass of an atom; also called atomic weight. Given as a whole number, the atomic mass approximately equals the mass number 7. Atomic number the number of protons in each atom of a particular element 8. Base a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution 9. buffers a chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions 10. Chemical bonds an attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms 11. Chemical reaction the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter 12. Cohesion the sticking together of molecules of the same kind, often by hydrogen bonds 13. Compound a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Ex. NaCl 14. Covalent bond a strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of outer- shell electrons 15. Electron a subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom 16. Electron shells an energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom 17. Electronegativity the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond 18. Evaporative cooling the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation 19. Heat thermal energy; the amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form Biology 1107 Chapter 2 Vocabulary Study online at quizlet.com/_lkg0m