RD Exam Study Guide: Fat Soluble Vitamins, Food Safety, and Nutrition, Exams of Nursing

Download RD Exam Study Guide: Fat Soluble Vitamins, Food Safety, and Nutrition and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 RD Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers 2024 Describe fat soluble vitamins in terms of storage, transport and absorption (Ans- absorbed like fat into the lymphatic system, then the blood. Travel with protein carriers and stored in liver and fatty tissue. symptoms associated with vitamin a deficiency (Ans- night blindness, xerothalmia(eye dryness)/blindness, impaired growth of teeth and bones, damaged immune function, impaired cell differentiation and gene regulation. key antioxidant vitamins: key antioxidant mineral (Ans- Beta carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C: selenium which population would vitamin A toxicity harm the most? (Ans- can cause birth defects in pregnant women List good sources of vitamin D (Ans- sardines, salmon, enriched cereal, tuna, fortified milk Vitamin K deficiency symptoms (Ans- bruising, abnormal bleeding, decrease bone density, Vitamin C deficiency symptoms (Ans- weakness, anemia, gum disease, scurvy, fatigue, bone fragility, joint pain, frequent infection, slow wound healing symptoms associated with vitamin a toxicity (Ans- nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rashes, interference with medical therapies 2 for total body water (Ans- intracellular fluid + extracellular fluid Which of the following components comprise the core of motivational interviewing? (Ans- compassion, partnership, acceptance, and evocation what component of serum cholesterol do plant stanols/sterols lower? (Ans- Low density lipoprotein (LDL) The Student Dietetic Association is having a smoothie tasting event. Each smoothie calls for a number 4 scoop of Greek yogurt, number 8 scoop of frozen strawberries, and a number 8 scoop of fresh blueberries. You anticipate 450 attendees at the event. How many gallons of Greek yogurt will you need? (Ans- Scoop sizes are based on the number of scoops it takes to fill a 32 fl oz container. A number 4 scoop holds 1 cup. For 450 attendees, 450 cups of Greek yogurt are needed. Since there are 16 cups in a gallon, divide 450 by 16 to get 28.12 gallons. To feed everyone, 29 gallons are needed. Which of the following viruses is the most common cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness? (Ans- norovirus Which ratio is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets? (Ans- Inventory turnover assets-to-liabilities ratio (Ans- calculates the percentage of assets provided by debt. The debt-to-equity ratio (Ans- tells what percentage of the company's assets are funded by shareholders' equity and debt. 5 A foodservice operation has a 1.93 current ratio. This value indicates to creditors that the foodservice operation most likely will (Ans- be able to pay bills when due. Current ratios that are greater than 1 indicate the organization most likely will be able to pay bills when due and over the next 12 months. This emulsifier is manufactured by splitting a fatty acid off triacylglycerol molecules and is useful in frozen desserts, shortening, and margarine. (Ans- diglycerides .Diglycerides are emulsifiers that are used in the food industry to improve texture, stability, volume, softness, aeration, homogenization, and shelf life. In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain <3 g fat and (Ans- <480 mg sodium Which additive would inhibit mold in soda pop? (Ans- sodium benzoate Which additive is useful as a bleaching agent? (Ans- benzoyl peroxide Which natural colorant might be added to pickles? (Ans- turmeric Which agency enforces food safety in a restaurant? (Ans- State or local authority Which preservative is often used as a fungicide and mold preventative in bakery products? (Ans- calcium propionate Which of the following is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets? (Ans- Inventory turnover 6 debt-to-equity ratio (Ans- tells what percentage of the company's assets are funded by shareholders' equity and debt. Which pectic substance found in mature fruits loses its ability to form a gel? (Ans- pectic acid What is the minimum internal cooking temperature of shell eggs that are hot-held for service? (Ans- Shell eggs that will be served immediately are cooked to 145°F, but shell eggs hot-held for service are cooked to 155°F. Which additive might be useful as a sequestrant to maintain whiteness of canned potatoes? (Ans- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Fruits and vegetables that have not been blanched prior to freezing are more susceptible to which kind of deterioration? (Ans- browning For a food to be labeled "healthy," what must be true for each serving? (Ans- It meets standards for low-fat and saturated-fat foods. Which food would be most likely to contain propyl gallate? (Ans- frozen pork sausage; Propyl gallate is an antioxidant that is added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. The primary safeguard of foodservice quality is adherence to (Ans- specification. A specification is a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item. 7 What elements are part of the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) framework for health care quality? (Ans- patient-centered, equitable (no disparities), timely, safe, effective, and efficient. US Fancy" is a quality designation used for (Ans- fruits and vegetables The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfed infants receive vitamin D supplementation of (Ans- 400 IU per day is when a starch gel contracts and may leak water. (Ans- Syneresis The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart that is used to determine if a child is underweight or overweight plots (Ans- Weight for stature charts determine underweight and overweight and are not based on age. A general rule for appropriate portion sizes for toddlers and preschool children is to offer (Ans- 1 tbsp food for each year of age at meals Hot, potentially hazardous foods must be cooled to °F or below within 2 hours and then cooled to °F or below in the next 4 hours. (Ans- 70,41 what word must FDA health claims contain? (Ans- The FDA's guidelines for approved health claims require use of the word "may." The other options offered definitive claims about health benefits. 10 The average contribution margin (CM) per item on a menu is $6.74 and the menu mix (MM) percentage that is considered to be high is 12. A menu item has a CM of $6.93 and a MM percentage of 11. What menu engineering term would be used to describe this menu item? (Ans- star. CM indicates profitability, whereas MM determines an item's popularity relative to other menu items. Puzzles are items that are profitable but not very popular. Plowhorses are items that are popular but not very profitable. Stars are items that are both popular and profitable. Dogs are items that are neither popular nor profitable. According to USDA guidelines, during a power outage the refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about hour(s) and a full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately hours if the door remains closed. (Ans- 4, 48 Which of the following is an unsafe way to thaw food? (Ans- running food under hot water. Refrigerator, cold water, and microwave are safe ways to thaw frozen foods.Cold water thawing requires a leak-proof bag to ensure no environmental nor airborne bacteria affect the food. And microwaving requires that the food be cooked immediately upon the thaw being complete. The National School Lunch Program receives funding from the (Ans- USDA Of the following foodborne microorganisms, which of the following is considered a parasite? (Ans- Giardia duodenalis Nipple feeding is likely to be successful if it is attempted once an infant reaches a gestational age of (Ans- 32 weeks 11 Which of the following illnesses is most commonly linked to raw meat, unpasteurized dairy products, and ready-to-eat foods such as hot dogs, deli meats, and soft cheeses? (Ans- listeria monocytogenes Which of the following statements best describes the similarities between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)? (Ans- Both programs are regulated by the USDA and contain income eligibility guidelines. Both programs are regulated by the USDA and they both impose eligibility guidelines, but WIC is not an entitlement program, and SNAP eligibility isn't based on nutritional risk; instead eligibility is based on family income. What term is used to indicate the monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed (Ans- owners equity A group of registered dietitian nutritionists meets with a member of the legislature to encourage her support for an important nutrition issue.A (Ans- lobbying To prevent backflow, (Ans- an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink should be created. Which of the following sets of business terms represents marketing? (Ans- Customer wants, profit-oriented, future growth Which health education planning model demonstrates that lasting behavior change is voluntary and must include input from the client? (Ans- PRECEDE-PROCEED A group that is organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect or defeat political candidates is called a(n) (Ans- political action committee. 12 The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are primarily developed and published by the executive branch of the government under what departments? (Ans- Agriculture and Health and Human Services What toxin is commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackerel, and mahimahi? (Ans- Histamine; Which of the following social or economic trends is thought to have the most important consequences for future community nutrition practice? (Ans- Deteriorating global environmental indicators are projected to affect future community nutrition practice more than any other social or economic trend. What decision-making technique focuses on the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what the competitor does? (Ans- game theory; Game theory introduces a competitive note to decision- making by bringing into a situation the actions of an opponent. The objective is to obtain the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what a competitor does. Which of the following conditions would most likely result in a slightly elevated albumin? (Ans- dehydration The indicator head of a bimetallic stemmed thermometer ranges from (Ans- 0˚F to 220˚F If the community nutritionist questions whether the new educational activities provided for SNAP recipients are achieving the intended increase in fresh vegetable intake, the best approach would be to conduct a(n) evaluation. (Ans- impact What name is given to standard methods of accounting and presentation of financial statements that provide comparability of financial data within an industry? (Ans- Uniform systems of accounts; 15 What is the result of adding baking soda to green peas? (Ans- mushy. Adding an alkali, like baking soda, will cause vegetables to soften faster and could cause them to become mushy. Which of the following is NOT a defined nutrient content claim? (Ans- low sugar Cultural is the ability to collect culturally relevant information from clients and perform culturally based assessments and interventions. (Ans- skill Which of the following refers to McGregor's theory X? (Ans- Most people dislike work and will avoid it if possible. Wheat does not contain enough lysine for humans to synthesize proteins from wheat alone. Thus, in wheat, lysine is considered to be a(n) _ (Ans- limiting amino acid According to the Essential Practice Competencies for the Commission on Dietetic Registration's Credentialed Nutrition and Dietetics Practitioners, graduates of accredited dietetics programs are required to have knowledge in eight content areas, including physical and biological sciences, social sciences, research, and . (Ans- communications Which dietary reference intake (DRI) value estimates the nutrient needs to meet the requirements of at least half of individuals in a population? (Ans- EAR A school foodservice has centralized procurement and production facilities with distribution of prepared menu items to several remote areas for final preparation and service. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation? (Ans- commisary; A commissary system is when food is all prepared in one location and transported to remote locations for service. Conventional foodservice is when all of the production and service is in the same facility. 16 Using the Hamwi formula, what is the ideal body weight for a female who is 70 inches tall and has a small body frame? (Ans- 135lb Which of the following describes the term "validity"? (Ans- It indicates whether we are measuring what we intend to measure. What name is given to the purchasing method that involves purchasing products as needed for production and immediate consumption without having to store and record products in inventory? (Ans- just in time purchasing Which of the following helps a facility simplify meal-ordering procedures while addressing inadequate options by adding menu options? (Ans- diet liberalization Full-time employees generally work 236 days per year due to vacation and benefit days. Approximately how many employees are necessary for everyday coverage of full-time positions? (Ans- 365 days each year/236 full-time workdays = 1.55 FTE. 1.55 FTE is required for each FT position. This agency oversees voluntary inspections and grading of fish and fish products. (Ans- USDC: US dept of commerce When cooking pork chops, they should reach an internal temperature of: (Ans- 145 The most important, fundamental key when menu planning is (Ans- knowing the audience how to determine yield of recipe? (Ans- divide edible portion by the as purchased portion and multiply by 100 to convert to percentage. ex. EP/AP=0.55 x 100=55% 17 stages of edema (Ans- 0=no pitting , 1+=mild pitting; 2+= moderate pitting (4mm depression disappears in 10-15 sec; 3+ moderately severe pitting edema (6mm depression that disappears in over a min; 4+=severe pitting edema (8mm depression that lasts more than 2 min) how is glucose and galactose absorbed? (Ans- active transport; these molecules are taken into the enterocyte by co-transport with sodium using the same transporter (GLUT-1) how is sorbitol absorbed? (Ans- this is a by-product of glucose; absorbed with passive diffusion. less sweet than glucose how is fructose absorbed? (Ans- enters cell from the intestinal lumen using facilitated diffusion through an other transporter (GLUT-5) morbidity (Ans- rate of disease mortality (Ans- rate of death how to determine markup factor? (Ans- divide the food cost percentage into the raw food costs what color will onions turn when cooked in aluminum pan? (Ans- yellow how manu cups is a #10 case of cans? (Ans- 13 c what temp must you cook turkey, chicken and duck? (Ans- 165 what temp must you cook pork, beef, veal, lamb, steaks, roast , and fish? (Ans- 145 formative evaluation (Ans- made early or during course of edu; allows for revision of plans or methods to imporve the process; answers "how should we do it". often qualatative 20 VLBW (Ans- less than 3.3lbs the kidney responds to respiratory acidosis by? (Ans- increasing the retention of bicarbonate Margarine has fatty acids in this order of predominance: (Ans- PUFA, MUFA, SAT lactic acid is produced through (Ans- glycolysis Which AA is the precursor for serotonin? (Ans- Tryptophan xerophthalmia (Ans- abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, with inflammation and ridge formation, typically associated with vitamin A deficiency. patients with xerophthalmia should consume ? (Ans- liver, milk, eggs The toxic level of vitamin A has been identified as (Ans- 10000 IU Phenylalanine is a precursor for: (Ans- Tyrosine carb, fat and pro are all converted into what? (Ans- acetyl coA After a meal, most of the fat that travels from the intestines into the lymph system and eventually into the blood is in the form of particles known as: (Ans- chylomicrons A client's estimated energy needs should be based on: (Ans- resting metabolic rate; resting metabolic rates should be measured (eg, indirect calorimetry). If resting metabolic rate cannot be measured, then the Mifflin- St Jeor equation using actual weight is the most accurate for estimating resting metabolic rate for overweight and obese individuals. 21 When cooking pork chops, they should reach an internal temperature of: (Ans- 145 for 15 sec This process uses sublimation to prepare high-quality preserved foods (Ans- freeze drying The Institute of Medicine's recommended rate of weight gain per week during the second and third trimesters for pregnant women whose body mass index (BMI) is greater than 30 is pounds. (Ans- 0.5 The foodservice manager has determined that the desired percentage for food cost should be 34%. Using the factor pricing method, what would be the selling price for the pasta primavera if the recipe cost is $2.65 raw food cost/portion? (Ans- 100/Desired food cost % = cost factor 100/34 = 2.94 Raw food cost x cost factor = markup $2.65 x 2.94 = $7.79 albumin-labs and reasons for hypo/hyper (Ans- 3.5-5.0g/dl; maintains colloidal osmotic pressure. hypo is associated with edema/surgery. Hyper likely due to dehydration. does not reflect current protein intake. serum transferrin (Ans- >200mg/dl transports iron to bone marrow. rises with iron def. mainly used to diagnose anemia BUN (Ans- 10-20 mg/dL; indicator of renal disease ; BUN creatinine ratio normal is 10-15:1 serum ferritan (Ans- indicates size of storage pool. TLC (Ans- total lymphocyte count; >2700 cells / cu mm ; measures immunocompetency. moderate depletion is 900-1800. severe is <900 FEP (Ans- Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin Direct measure of toxic effects of lead on heme synthesis. Increased in lead poisoning 22 Lead depletes iron, leading to anemia, and displaces Ca in the bone leading to a Zn deficiency PT (Ans- prothrombin time; 11.0-12.5 sec, 85-100% normal. anticoagulants protong PT . change in vitamin K will alter rate BEE (Ans- BEE x 1.2 sedentary; 1.3 active, 1.5 stressed which herbS/SPICES can increase bleeding? (Ans- ginkGo bilboa, garlic, ginger (avoid high dose of vitamin a,e if on warfarin lithium carbonate (Ans- increased app, weightgain, maintain concisent sodium and caff intake to stabilize levels. Which FDA class of recalls are for products that might cause a temporary health problem, or pose only a slight threat of a serious nature? (Ans- class II Which agency enforces provisions of the FD&C Act (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act of 1938) prohibiting the sale of products with false advertising? (Ans- FDA Making homemade dried meat products such as jerky is a very popular home food preservation practice. Which of the following procedures would be considered appropriate and safe for this process, considering that the meat type has not been specified? (Ans- 160 in the oven then 130-140 in the dehydrator Where in the body is vitamin D hydroxylated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D? (Ans- liver Which grouping of words best represents transformation processes for a foodservice system? (Ans- The process of transforming inputs into outputs in foodservice involves linking, managing, and building functional subsystems.