Dietitian's Role and Nutrition-Related Questions, Exams of Medicine

Download Dietitian's Role and Nutrition-Related Questions and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! RD One & Done Domain 1 Questions And Answers. A Dietitian working in a nursing home was informed by the nursing staff that residents were not eating their breakfast, but were enjoying their lunch and dinner trays. What should the dietitian do in this case? a. Substitute another entree option for breakfast b. Meet with the residents to obtain preferences c. Discuss with the residents the reasoning for not consuming breakfast d. Continue to serve breakfast with the addition of a supplement - \c. Discuss with the residents the reasoning for not consuming breakfast A food service director is creating new policies and procedures for the distribution of bulk food deliveries to the school. The director should first: a. Take note of current distribution of cases being delivered to the school b. Look into how other schools in the area receive food c. Inform staff to further investigate food distribution d. Review and revise the current distribution schedule - \a. Take note of current distribution of cases being delivered to the school A Clinical Dietitian at a hospital begins to realize the portions on all patient trays are double the size of what they used to be. What action should the Dietitian take? a. Assume double portions are allowed for all patients b. Meet with the tray line to identify what size scoop is being utilized c. Bring up the potential problem to the manager d. Conduct an in-service to inform staff of the problem - \b. Meet with the tray line to identify what size scoop is being utilized Teachers at a local elementary school requested that a Dietitian set up an activity to help educate their students on locally grown fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. Which of the following would be the best approach? a. Provide each student with fruits and vegetables to have with lunch b. Visit vendors who sell fruits and vegetables at a farmers market with the students c. Handout a packet of pictures to students of fruits and vegetables d. Hold an informational session to discuss healthy options - \b. Visit vendors who sell fruits and vegetables at a farmers market with the students A client is meeting with an RD to discuss how they have not lost weight and their wedding is less than a month away. The client reports eating fast food twice a day everyday. Which of the following responses by the RD is an example of creating discrepancy? a. "You are telling me that you are not going to lose enough weight within the next month." b. "You have said you need to lose weight for your wedding, how do these two things go together?" c. "Why do you think you have not lost enough weight?" d. "Can you please tell me more about how you feel regarding not being ready for your wedding?" - \b. "You have said you need to lose weight for your wedding, how do these two things go together?" A new client at a nutrition practice explains to the RD that they are struggling with their new dietary changes and feel like they are not able to stick to their diet due to their busy schedule. Which is the best way for the RD to respond? a. "I think it may be a good idea to do less throughout the day, so you have time to fit in meal prepping." b. "You feel as if you are not able to stay compliant with your meals due to your schedule, and this can be frustrating." c. "It may help to prepare meals on a specific day, and this way you can better stick to your diet changes." d. "How does this make you feel?" - \b. "You feel as if you are not able to stay compliant with your meals due to your schedule, and this can be frustrating." An inpatient RD is working closely with a patient who is about to be started on an EN formula. Which of the following is most important to consider for this patient? a. Weight and height b. Lab values c. Total volume and rate of formula d. Weight change - \c. Total volume and rate of formula What is the root term for "brain"? a. Enceph b. Skull c. Head d. Cardi - \a. Enceph What is the root term for "liver"? d. Too little sugar - \b. Too much sugar - U shape = sUgar flour = dry bs = yellow A client with ulcerative colitis would benefit from which amino acid? a. Arginine b. Glutamine c. Glycine d. Alanine - \b. Glutamine - CAAs arginine = burns and wounds Which of the following fats is highest in polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. Sunflower oil b. Safflower oil c. Corn oil d. Olive oil - \b. Safflower oil --> corn --> sunflower Which of the following best represents syneresis? a. Staling of bread b. Roasting brussel sprouts c. Collection of whey on yogurt d. Pasteurizing milk - \c. Collection of whey on yogurt Staling of bread (retrodegradtion) You notice your ice cream at the grocery store is runny and not up to par with the consistency. It also appears grainy. What is causing this? a. Lack of disodium phosphate b. Lack of carrageenan c. Lack of sorbitol d. Lack of anti-caking agents - \b. Lack of carrageenan, pectin - thicken consistency Which of the following best represents margarine? a. It has more saturated fat than butter b. It has more PUFAs than butter c. It has less MUFAs than butter d. It has more MUFAs than butter - \b. It has more PUFAs than butter You are baking a cake and notice that it has a fallen center. This is most likely due to what? a. Too much flour b. Too much egg c. Excess Sugar d. Excess mixing - \c. Excess Sugar When baking a cake at high altitudes, what ingredients should be increased? a. Flour, oven temperature, and sugar b. Sugar, liquid, and flour c. Baking powder, sugar, and baking soda d. Flour, oven temperature, and liquid - \d. Flour, oven temperature, and liquid What ingredient would cause a cake to become more yellow in color? a. Excess baking soda b. Excess baking powder c. Excess egg yolks d. Too little fat - \a. Excess baking soda A coarse texture in cake would most likely be caused by: a. Too much liquid b. Too much sugar c. Too much fat d. Too much mixing - \b. Too much sugar A tough or dry cake is most likely due to: a. Excess flour or eggs b. Excess sugar c. Excess sugar and liquid d. Too little mixing - \a. Excess flour or eggs When baking in high altitudes, what ingredients should be decreased? a. Oven temperature, liquid, and flour b. Sugar and liquid c. Baking powder, baking soda, and sugar d. Sugar, oven temperature and flour - \c. Baking powder, baking soda, and sugar Why do you increase flour in high altitude baking? a. It helps strengthen the structure of gluten b.It helps lower the structure of gluten c. It helps increase volume d. It helps with texture - \a. It helps strengthen the structure of gluten If you want to ensure good volume with a cake you should make sure that: a. There is proper level of sugar and fat b. There is excess sugar c. You over bake the product d. Increase liquid - \a. There is proper level of sugar and fat Why is oven temperature increased in high altitude baking? a. To decrease the baking time b. To increase the baking time c. Because these is an increase in ingredients d. It is increased due to evaporation - \d. It is increased due to evaporation If a recipe calls for bran flour, you may find: a. Decrease in volume of the product b. Increase in volume of the produce c. No change d. Increase and then decrease in volume of the product - \a. Decrease in volume of the product Salt is commonly used in baking to help prevent yeast from sticking together in baked goods. This is known as: a. Gelling b. Emulsifying c. Anti-caking a. Descriptive Research b. Analytical Research c. Qualitative Research d. Case Report - \b. Analytical Research What type of research is descriptive and helps create the hypothesis? a. Cross-Sectional Study b. Randomized Clinical Trial c. Descriptive Research d. Quantitative Research - \c. Descriptive Research Which study is considered a "Snap-shot" look at a point in time and collects data for that specific time? a. Cross-Sectional study b. Randomized Clinical Trial c. Quasi-Experimental d. Case Series - \a. Cross-Sectional study A researcher measured the amount of people who tested positive for a disease. What did the researcher measure? a. Specificity b. Validity c. Reliability d. Sensitivity - \d. Sensitivity A group of High School students are studied for 2 years to see if they will develop an eating disorder, what kind of research is this? a. Survey b. Case Report c. Cohort Study d. Cross-Sectional Study - \c. Cohort Study In a recent study, it was found that students who studied for more than 2 hours a day had improved exam scores. What is the dependent variable in this sentence? a. Students b. Hours Studying c. Exam Scores d. Days - \c. Exam Scores What is the independent variable in the above sentence? a. Hours Studying b. Students c. Days d. Exam Scores - \a. Hours Studying A researcher measured the amount of people who tested negative for a disease. What did the researcher measure? a. Specificity b. Validity c. Reliability d. Sensitivity - \a. Specificity What type of research compares the frequency of events and disease rates in several different populations? a. Validity b. Correlation Studies c. Cohort Studies d. Randomized Control Trial - \b. Correlation Studies A researcher was comparing a group of people who had heart disease with a group of people who did not have heart disease. What kind of study would this be considered? a. Cohort Study b. Case Control Study c. Qualitative Study d. Correlation Study - \b. Case Control Study What uses experimental and control groups for its research? a. Experimental Model b. Descriptive Research c. Surveys d. Correlation Studies - \a. Experimental Model If you are testing something and then test it again to see if the results are similar, what are you testing? a. Validity b. Sensitivity c. Specificity d. Reliability - \d. Reliability A local doctors office utilizes a standing scale to take the weights of each patient that comes in for their exam. Which of the following is being exemplified? a. Reliability b. Validity c. Probability d. Statistical significance - \b. Validity A clinical trial wants to eliminate any potential bias that could occur when testing a new enteral tube feeding formula for patients with diabetes. It's decided that it is best if both the researchers and the subjects are unaware of who is in which group. This is an example of what research study? a. Case report b. Double blind study c. Cross-sectional study d. Correlational study - \b. Double blind study Researchers follow a group of college athletes for 10 years to see if the incidence rate of heart disease is highest among those who stopped working out after college, then after 5 years after college. This is an example of what research study? a. Retrospective report b. Prospective cohort c. Case control d. Randomized control trial - \b. Prospective cohort A study is looking at the frequency of weight gain in those with breast cancer to those without breast cancer after menopause. This is an example of what research study? a. Case control study b. Cross-sectional study a. Proteolysis b. Glycolysis c. Lipolysis d. Kreb's Cycle - \c. Lipolysis Which of the following metabolic pathways helps to make RNA and DNA?? a. Cori Cycle b. Proteolysis c. Gluconeogenesis d. Pentose Phosphate - \d. Pentose Phosphate Which process helps to make glucose when none is available? a. Glycolysis b. Gluconeogenesis c. Glycogenesis d. Glycogenolysis - \b. Gluconeogenesis Glucose-6-phosphate is formed from what? a. Glycolysis b. Pentose shunt c. TCA cycle d. Cori cycle - \a. Glycolysis Which of the following inhibits gluconeogenesis? a. Glucagon b. Ketones c. Insulin d. Ghrelin - \c. Insulin Gluconeogenesis occurs in which metabolic pathway process? a. Citric Acid Cycle b. Pentose Shunt c. Cori Cycle d. Glucose-6-phosphate - \c. Cori Cycle How many ATP are made from one full oxidation between glycolysis, TCA, and ETC? a. 34 b. 36 c. 38 d. 39 - \c. 38 What is the main substrate for the Krebs Cycle? a. Oxygen b. Fatty acids c. ATP d. Pyruvate - \d. Pyruvate What is the main goal of the Cori Cycle? a. Make ATP b. Bring lactate back to pyruvate c. Bring pyruvate back to lactate d. Both b and c - \b. Bring lactate back to pyruvate Where are minerals absorbed in the GI tract? a. Colon b. Duodenum c. Ileum d. Large Intestine - \b. Duodenum If a patient has a Billroth 2 surgery what are they likely to be deficient in? a. Vitamin A and D b. Vitamin B6 c. Iron and calcium d. Thiamin and Niacin - \c. Iron and calcium Iron, calcium, and zinc would most likely need to be supplemented in what procedure? a. Gastric Bypass b. Cholecystectomy c. Billroth 1 d. Appendectomy - \a. Gastric Bypass Where are Fat-Soluble Vitamins absorbed in the GI tract? a. Colon b. Duodenum c. Ileum d. Jejunum - \c. Ileum Where is B12 mainly absorbed in the GI tract? a. Jejunum b. Ileum c. Duodenum d. Large Intestine - \b. Ileum If a patient has an ilectomy what should be supplemented? a. B12 and fat-soluble vitamins b. Just fluids c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Minerals - \a. B12 and fat-soluble vitamins Where is Vitamin C absorbed in the GI tract? a. Ileum b. Colon c. Duodenum d. Jejunum - \d. Jejunum HCL and intrinsic factor are mainly produced where? a. Large intestine b. Small intestine c. Stomach d. Colon - \c. Stomach Where are Water-Soluble vitamins absorbed in the GI tract? a. Large intestine b. Jejunum The production of RBC's is aided by ____________________________. Deficiencies include cheilosis and a magenta tongue. a. B1 b. B2 c. B3 d. B4 - \b. B2 _______________________ aids in amino acid metabolism. Microcytic anemia can be a deficiency. Found in meat and wheat. a. B6 b. B9 c. B12 d. Vitamin E - \a. B6 _______________________ prevents the destruction of RBC'S and helps eliminate blood clots. Hemolytic anemia is the deficiency. a. Vitamin A b. Folate c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin D - \c. Vitamin E This vitamin aids in preventing neural tube defects and the deficiency that results from this is macrocytic anemia. This vitamin is ______________________. a. B2 b. B6 c. B9 d. B12 - \c. B9 A deficiency in which mineral would cause Tetany (muscle spasms)? a. Iron b. Magnesium c. Sulfur d. Calcium - \d. Calcium This mineral is found in water and soil. This mineral also deals with teeth. a. Manganese b. FIuoride c. Calcium d. Zinc - \b. FIuoride __________________ helps aid in hemoglobin synthesis and can be found in protein foods. Wilson's disease can result from a deficiency in this mineral. a. Zinc b. Copper c. Iodine d. Choline - \b. Copper _________________ works with vitamin B12 and aids in maturing red blood cells. a. Cobalt b. Chromium c. Calcium d. Choline - \a. Cobalt The needs for which mineral are increased when Vitamin D, calcium, and protein are high? a. Magnesium b. Phosphorus c. Manganese d. Selenium - \a. Magnesium Which mineral works mainly with your Central Nervous System (CNS)? a. Phosphorus b. Chromium c. Magnesium d. Manganese - \d. Manganese _________________ helps transport fat through the tissues and blood a. Iodine b. Calcium c. Phosphorus d. Fluoride - \c. Phosphorus _________________ works with your thyroid and a deficiency can lead to goiter. a. Zinc b. Iodine c. Calcium d. Manganese - \b. Iodine ____________________ aids in insulin action and the absorption of this mineral can be enhanced by vitamin C a. Chromium b. Cobalt c. Choline d. Calcium - \a. Chromium If a patient presents with cardiomyopathy or myalgia, they can likely be deficient in which mineral? a. Phosphorus b. Sulfur c. Choline d. Selenium - \d. Selenium ____________________ is a component of lecithin and can be found in eggs, milk, and liver. a. Cobalt b. Choline c. Iron d. Phosphorus - \b. Choline Which mineral aids in oxygen transport and if deficient, can lead to anemia? a. Iron b. Zinc c. Calcium d. Magnesium - \a. Iron Which mineral aids in protecting your tissues and is a part of cysteine and methionine? c. Maltase d. Amylase - \a. Lactase Which of the following enzymes are the most available when it comes to carbohydrate digestion? a. Lactose + maltase b. Amylase + lactase c. Sucrase + amylase d. Maltase + sucrase - \d. Maltase + sucrase Which of the following enzymes is known to be associated with lactose intolerance? a. Maltase b. Sucrase c. Amylase d. Lactase - \d. Lactase A patient was diagnosed with Hypochromic, microcytic anemia. Which of the following minerals might be low? a. Iron b. Iodine c. Copper d. Pyridoxine - \a. Iron A newly diagnosed diabetic patient has just started on insulin and a carbohydrate controlled diet. Which of the following minerals might be useful? a. Cobalt b. Zinc c. Iron d. Magnesium - \b. Zinc Which of the following is used for transamination and deamination? a. Pyridoxine b. Folate c. Chromium d. Iron - \a. Pyridoxine Which of the following foods would you provide to someone with a Choline deficiency? a. Skim milk b. Eggs c. Grains d. Lean meats - \b. Eggs choline = lipid (fat) A patient has sudden diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Which vitamin deficiency is this a symptom of? a. Thiamin b. Pyridoxine c. Niacin d. Riboflavin - \c. Niacin 4 ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death Which of the following may be low if a patient has cheilosis? a. Riboflavin b. Thiamin c. Niacin d. Cobalt - \a. Riboflavin A patient recently diagnosed with ESRD needs to follow a phosphorus restricted diet. Which of the following foods should they avoid? a. Orange juice b. Cereal c. Spinach d. Yogurt - \d. Yogurt phosphorus = more animal products Which of the following can you prevent with adequate Vitamin A intakes? a. Night blindness b. Nephropathy c. PKU d. Neuropathy - \a. Night blindness Which of the following micronutrients can you assess using a plasma pyruvate level? a. Iron b. Biotin c. Zinc d. Thiamin - \d. Thiamin biotin = fatty acid What macronutrient does lipase breakdown? and Amylase? a. Fatty acids: carbohydrates b. Carbohydrates: protein c. Proteins: carbohydrates d. Fatty acids: protein - \a. Fatty acids: carbohydrates lipase = lipids amylase = carbs An RD received a request from an elementary teacher to provide information on fruit and vegetable consumption. Which would be the best way to provide information to the students? a. Provide pamphlets to the teacher b. Provide each student with fruit salad c. Interactive cooking activity with students incorporating fruits and vegetables d. Interactive cooking activity with students on how to make PB&J sandwiches - \a. Provide pamphlets to the teacher A dietitian decides she wants to open her own private practice specializing in DM2. Which of the following should be the initial step? a. Meeting with families to further assess their interests b. Discussing current challenges with individuals who are overweight/obese c. Mailing out surveys to all households d. Distributing an informational letter to the surrounding area - \b. Discussing current challenges with individuals who are overweight/obese According to nursing documentation, a patient typically eats ~25% of their meals over 3 days. What would be the best action for the RD to take?