Reactions - Application of Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

Download Reactions - Application of Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Overview 10 reactions – convert glucose (6C) to 2 pyruvate (3C) – produces: 4 ATP & 2 NADH – consumes: 2 ATP – net: 2 ATP & 2 NADH glucose C-C-C-C-C-C fructose-1,6bP P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P pyruvate C-C-C ATP 2 ADP 2 ATP 4 ADP 4 NAD+ 2 2 2Pi 2Pi 2H Docsity.com Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3: Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle Docsity.com intermembrane space inner membrane outer membrane matrix cristae Mitochondria — Structure • Double membrane energy harvesting organelle – smooth outer membrane – highly folded inner membrane • cristae – intermembrane space • fluid-filled space between membranes – matrix • inner fluid-filled space – DNA, ribosomes – enzymes mitochondrial DNA What cells would have a lot of mitochondria? Docsity.com Mitochondria – Function What does this tell us about the evolution of eukaryotes? Endosymbiosis! Dividing mitochondria Who else divides like that? Advantage of highly folded inner membrane? More surface area for membrane- bound enzymes & permeases Membrane-bound proteins Enzymes & permeases Oooooh! Form fits function! Docsity.com pyruvate → → → acetyl CoA + CO2 Oxidation of pyruvate • Pyruvate enters mitochondria – 3 step oxidation process – releases 1 CO2 (count the carbons!) – reduces 2 NAD → 2 NADH (moves e-) – produces acetyl CoA • Acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle NAD 3C 2C 1C [ 2x ] Where does the CO2 go? Exhale! Docsity.com 4C 6C 4C 4C 4C 2C 6C 5C 4C CO2 CO2 citrate acetyl CoA Count the carbons! 3C pyruvate x 2 oxidation of sugars This happens twice for each glucose molecule Docsity.com 4C 6C 4C 4C 4C 2C 6C 5C 4C CO2 CO2 citrate acetyl CoA Count the electron carriers! 3C pyruvate reduction of electron carriers This happens twice for each glucose molecule x2 CO2 NADH NADH NADH NADH FADH2 ATP Docsity.com So we fully oxidized glucose C6H12O6 ↓ CO2 & ended up with 4 ATP! Whassup? What’s the point? Docsity.com Value of Krebs cycle? • If the yield is only 2 ATP then how was the Krebs cycle an adaptation? – value of NADH & FADH2 • electron carriers & H carriers – reduced molecules move electrons – reduced molecules move H+ ions • to be used in the Electron Transport Chain like $$ in the bank Docsity.com What’s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Docsity.com H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H + H+ H+ H+ And how do we do that? • Set up a H+ gradient – allow H+ to flow through ATP synthase – powers bonding of Pi to ADP ADP + Pi → ATP ATP But… Have we done that yet? ADP P + Docsity.com