Реактивность, ФОРМЫ И ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РЕАКТИВНОСТИ, Study notes of Pathophysiology

Download Реактивность, ФОРМЫ И ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РЕАКТИВНОСТИ and more Study notes Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! KOHTPOJIbHBIE BOTIPOCBI 110 CMEXKHbIM JMCUMIVIMHAM 1. Koncrutyyua uenopeka. Onpegenenue nonstTus. O6ujaa xapakTepuicTuKa. 2. Tunp! BbICUIeii HepBHOii JeATeMbHOCTH YeMOBeKA. 3. Tlonsrue 06 aganrayun. 4. Yuerue 06 agantorenax u agaliroresHom 3ddexte. [penapatei, oTHOCA- IyMeca K rpyrine agjavToreHos. KOHTPOJIbBHBIE BOIIPOCBI 110 TEME 3AHATUA 1. Onpejenenne nonsTus «peaKTHBHOCTh», ee OCHOBHIe MoKa3aTesM. 2. Bub! peakTuBxoctn (BufoBas, rpynnogas, HHAMBHAYaMbHas, usvonoru- uecKas, MaTOMOrMuecKas, CreyMduueckas, HecreyMduueckas) M POpMBI Ce NpoAB- eHHA. . B3aMOOTHOLIeHHA peakTHBHOCTH H pe3HCTeHTHOCTH. . Mexariu3MbI peaKTHBHOCTH H pe3CTeHTHOCTH. @uno- 4 OHTOreHe3 peaKTMBHOCTH Ml pe3HCTeHTHOCTH. |. DaKTOPEI, CHEPKAIOLIMe HECIICHMUYeCKY1O Pe3MCTEHTHOCTb. . TIyTH M MeTO[pI NOBIMEHHA H YKpervieHHA Hecriel @uyeck Off pesHcTeHT HOCTH OpraHu3ma. 8. CocroaHne HecneyMnue cKoii NOBbILMeHHO! CompotuBrsemoctu (CHIIC), ero XapakTepucTuka. NOWAW PEAKTMBHOCTb OP AHM3MA VU EE POJIb B NATOJIOTMN OMPEAEJIEHME NOHATHA PeakTuBHoctT (or maT. rcactio — nporuBogelicrsue) — cBoiicTBo (cioco6- HOCTb) I{@MOCTHOTO OpraH3Ma OTBeUaTb AMdbdepeHMPOBaHHO M3MeHeHHeM >KU3He- AeaTenbHOCTH Ha JelicTBHe pas~paKuTeneH. PeakTHBHOCTb OOyCMOBIMBaeT TOHKUIi AuddepentMpoBaHHbiii OrBeT opraHu3ma Ha AelicTBve pasqpaKuTeneii, onpeyenseT KO/IMUECTBEHHBIe H KaveCTBeHHbI€ OCOGeHHOCTH OTBETHO! peakyMH. OT peaKTHBHO- CIM 3aBHCHT B 3HaUMTeMbHOH CTeMeHM CMOCOGHOCTb uYenOBeKa (WM 2KHBOTHOTO) TIpucnocaGMMBaTbCA K MeHAIOUIMMCA YCHOBMAM CpefbI OOUTaHMA, NOspepKUBaTb romeocta3. PeakKTHBHOCTb CylefyeT OTMMYATb OT MOHATHA «peakyHA». Peakyua 3TO H3MeHeHHA OOMeHa, CTpyKTYpbI H (YHKIMH B OTBET Ha paspaKerve Guomoru- YeCKOM CHCTeMbI, BbIPaKeHHe PeaKTHBHOCTH, HO He CaMO 3TO CBOCTBO OpraHi3Ma. PeaKTHBHOCTD oMpejjeiseT OCOGeHHOCTH peaKIJMH OpraHH3Ma Ha Te WJM MHbIe BO3- Aelictus. B To Ke BpeMs HCXOfHOe COCTOAHHE ero MCIOMHUTeMbHBIX cucTeM, oGec- TMeUHBalOWMX OTBETHY1O PeaKIHi0, TaKWKe OKA3bIBAaeT BIIMSHHe Ha YPOBEHb peaKTHB- HOCTH, T.e. peaKTHBHOCTb OMpejfe/ieT BEIMUHHY peakI|HM, KOTOpas B CBOIO OUepe/b BIST Ta YPOBEHb peaKTHBHOCTH. @OPMBI H MOKA3ATEJIN PEAKTMBHOCTH Pa3smmualor peaKTHBHOCTb HOpMa/IbHy 10 (HOpMeprua), TIOBbIMeHHy+O (mpeo6- Jajaror Mpouecch! BO36y2KAeHHA) - rHHepeprus; TOHMKeHHytO (MpeoGmafatoT Top- MO3HBI€ Mpolecck!) - rHMoeprua HM u3BpalljeHHy10 (qu3eprua). B uHcTOM Buze 9TH opMbI UMeIoT MeCTO B OT/eMBHBIX OpraHax M CHcTemax. B yemOcTHOM opraHu3Me MOxeT MpeoOiaJaTb IMU Ta WIM HHas 13 HUX. B KIMHMUeCKOi MpakTHKe Mmmepcp- TMUECKHMH Ha3bIBaloT popMbI Gome3sHH C GypHbIM TeueHHeM, C APKO BbIP@KEHHEIMM CHMMTOMaMH; uloeprMueCKMMH - BsNIO TeKyLMe popMBI, CO CTepToii CuMmTOMaTH- Koii. CnegyeT YUHTBIBaTb, YTO peaKTHBHOCTh MOET GbITh pasIMUHO! 10 OTHOLIE- HMIO K pa3HbIM dakTopam cpefpl. Hampumep, BbICOKad PeaKTHBHOCTh OpraHu3Ma MoxeT ObITh K KakoMy 160 a/epreHy, HO HM3Kad - K APyTMM pa3qpaKuTensam (Kk Temmlepaty pHomy ¢bakropy ). Oguako KonmuecTBeHHOIi OL|eHKH peakTMBHOCTH Ge3 yueTa KaueCTBEHHBIX T10- Ka3aTeseii HeJOCTaTOUHO JyIA MOMHO! ee XapakTepucTHKU. OCHOBHbIMM Ka¥ecTBeH- HbIMM [MOKa3aTeAMH PeaKTHBHOCTH ABMIAIOTCA: - pe3HCTeHTHOCTs (or sar. rexistere — MpOTHBOCTOATS, COMPOTHBIATECA) YCTOMUMBOCTb OpraHy3Ma K JeviCTBHIO upe3BbMaiHbIX pa3qpaKuUTeseli, CTOCOOHOCTS CONpOTHBAATHCA Ge3 CYIeCTBEHHBIX H3MeHEHMIi MOCTOAHCTBa BHY TpeHHeii Cpebl; 9TO B@KHEMIMIMI KaUeCTBEHHbIi MOKa3aTelb peaKTMBHOCTH; - pa3ApaKuMocTb — o6uyjee CBOHCTBO BCero 2KUBOTO, OMpesemmoMee J71€ MeHTapHble peaktjHu; - @yHKYMOHabHad NOABMKHOCTD (a6WbHOCTh) — «Gombiiiad WIM MeHb Ia CKOPOCTb 3JIeMeHTaPHBIX PeakUHii, KOTOPbIMH COMpoBOxKsaeTCA busMonorMue ckasl JleaTeNbHOCTS JaHHOro armapata» (HE. Breyexcxuii); - Bo36yMMOCTb — CBOiicTBO (cMOCcO6HOCTb) HeKOTOpbIX TKaHeli (HepBHOI, MBIIMUeUHOIi M AP.) OTBEUaTb Ha Je/icTBHe pas—paxkHTeNA NpOLeccoM BoO36y2%KTeHHA H TlepefaBaTb eTo APYTMM TKaHsaM H OpraHaM; - UY BCTBHTeIbHOCTb — CBO/icTBO (cMOCOOHOCTS) YeNOcTHOTO opraHu3ma Onpefenath NOKanM3al{Mio, CH H KaveCTBO BO3elicTByIOLero pasqpaKUTeNA H MHQOpMMpOBaT O HEM COOTBETCTBYIOLIMe CHCTEMBI. BH J[bI PEAKTHBHOCTH B ocHose peakTMBHOCTH 3/{0poBoro HM GombHoro opraHHi3Ma s1eKHT Guonor- ueckasl (BHJOBaA, MepBHYaA) PeaKTHBHOCTD, NpefCcTaBlsAroujasd COOH u3MeHe HUA KU3HEJeATEMBHOCTH, BOSHMKArOLMe NO] BIMSHHEM a/leKBATHBIX JI KaKOTO numa Bo3geiicrBuii oKpy2katomjeii cpefbl, COBOKYMHOCTb 3allJMTHO- NIpHCNOCcOOUTeNbHBIX peakUMii, MpHCyUyuxX >KMBOTHEIM AaHHOrO Bua. Ipumepamu BHAOBO! PeaKTHBHOCTH ABMIAIOTCA TaKCHC, MHCTMHKTBI, aHaOM03, Ce30HHBIH COH, yC- TOMUMBOCTb K pa3/IMYHBIM BO3eliCTBHAM (HaNpuMep, NerambHad 03a rucTaMuHa (la MopcKoii cBMHKH 0,3 Mr/Kr, AVIA Kpomuka - 3 Mr/KT, Ayia Genoii mpm - 250 Mr/kr). M3BecTHO, TO YeperlaXM He UYBCTBHTEMbHBI K CTONOHAUHOMY TOKCHHY, KpO- MK — - K MopduHy M aTpomMHy; KpbICe He/b3A IPHBHTb CHOMpCKytO ABBY; TOHO- KOKK MaTOTeHeH TOMbKO JVI UeMOBeKa M OOe3bAHBI. BujjoBad peaKTHBHOCT onpese- JiseT CBOHCTBa BHJa, eTO MpH3HakU MU OCOGeHHOCTH, CcbopMMpOBaBLIMeCA B Mmpolecce BONO, H 3aKeIVIeHHbIe B PeHOTHMe BCeX MHJMBMAOB. Ha ocHose BHJOBOii peakTHBHOCTH (bopMUpyeTCA MHAMBUAYaMbHas M rpyntio- Bast (THMOBasl) PpeaKTHBHOCTb. Vngueugyanbiad peaKTMBHOCTb O6yCNOBAMBaeTCA HaCMefCTBeHHbIMH VM IpHoGpereHHEIMH CBOiCTBaMM opraHH3ma. OHa ompesemseTca MOnOM, BO3pacToM, by HKIMOHAbHBIM COCTOAHMeM BCeX OpraHOB HM CHCTeM (raBHbIM O6pa3oM - Hepri- HOH Hi 9HJOKPHHHOii), THOM BEICIIeii HepBHOH J[eATeMbHOCTH, KOHCTMTYYHeli 4 3a- BUCHT OT cbakTOpOB BHeHei cpespI (MTaHHA, TemmepatypbI, Cofep»kaHMA KUCHO- pojja u T.7.). Tpynmogas peakTHBHOCTh — peaKTMBHOCTb ompeseneHHBIX rpynn mozeii, CXOJHBIX 110 TeM HIM HHbIM HaC/l€/[CTBCHHO-KOHCTHTYLMOHHBIM OcoGeHHOCTAM (110 THMaM KOHCTHTY MH, BEICUIeii HepBHO!i JeATeMBHOCTH, rpyntiaM KpOBH Hi AD.). Vngusupyanbnaa uM rpymmopad dopMbl peaKTHBHOCTH MOryT ObITb bu3MonorueckuMH H MaTonormueckuMu. u3vonorMueckas peakTHBHOCTb — peaKTHBHOCTb HOPMalIbHOFO, 3/{0pOBOro OpraH3Ma B OjlarOnpHATHbIX YCOBMAX CYIeCTBOBAHMA, afleKBaTHO pearupyrouyjero Ha jeiicTBve pasapaxuTens. Tlaronoruueckas peaKTHBHOCTb BO3HMKaeT NOs BO3seliCcTBHeM upe3- BpluaiiHoro, GonesHeTBOpHOrO qbakTOpa HM MIpPOABAAeTCA CHMDKeHMeM mpucriocobu- TeNbHEIX BO3MOKHOCTeii Goneroujero WIM BbI3JOpaBMMBaIOWero OpraHu3Ma, He- O6bluHOii opMoii pearupoBaHus Ha pasapaxKuTemb. OHa MOKET BO3HHKATb BCIesCT- BHe HapyleHua M60 caMoii reHeTHuecKOii MporpaMMbI! (HaCye/CTBeHHIe PopMbI laTOMOrHH), 1460 MexaHH3MoB ee peamu3aljun (mpuoOpereHHble opMbI NaToNO- run). Vl usnonormueckas, 4 MaTonOrMueckad peaKTMBHOCTh GpiBaeT crreduye- CKoii MW Hecrieyduyeckoii. Cneyudbuueckan (ummyHonozuueckas) peakmueHocmb — 3TO CMOcOGHOCTb OpraHiu3Ma OTBEUaTb Ha aHTHTeHHOe pa3aparkeHve BbIPAOOTKO!i ryMOpasbHBIX aHTH- Tell W KOMIMIKCOM KITOUHBIX peakUMii, CrerjHtpHUHbIX 10 OTHOLIeHHO K aHTUreHy. Cneyuqbuseckaa cbusuonozuueckan peakmueHocmb oGecrieuMBaeT HeBOCTIpH- MMUMBOCTb K MHeKWAM; peak Guomormueckoii HeCOBMeCTMMOCTH TkaHeii, ‘TpaHClaHTalMOHHbIi MMMYHMTeT, NPOTHBOONYXONeBbIii MMMYHUTeT, crleyMduue- CKY10 PC3HCTeHTHOCT (YCTOiUMBOCTS K KakOMy-/1HG0 ompe[eeHHOMy areHity), ajari- TaljHio K ompefeneHHomy cbakTopy cpespI (HarpuMep, K HeJOCTaTKy KUCNOposa). Hecneyuqbuueckaa peakmueHocmb - 3mo ciocobHOCTb opraHiu3Ma OTBevaTb OsHOTHNHO peakMeli Ha pasHooOpasHble pasapaxKuTenu. Hecneyuqbuseckan dbusuonc2uueckaa peakmusHocmb mposBisetca B dopMe ajanraljun K HeCKO/bKUM (bakTopaM cpesbI, HalIpHMep, K HegOCTaTKy KUCHOpoya 4 OJHOBpeMeHHO - K (pu3HUeCKOii Harpy3ke, B @opMe cTpecc-peakyHH, Hecreyuye- CKOii pe3HcTeHTHOCTH. Hecneynqbuueckaa pesucmexmuocmb TpescTaBiaeT coboii ycToruMBocTb op- TaHH3Ma K ToBpexyjenuio ([. Ccmpc, 1961), He K Kakomy-1H60 oTgenbHoMy TOBpexkqaroljeMy areHTy MM rpyne arewToB, a BOOOWe K MOBpexKJeHMIO, K pasHoo6pa3HbM (pakTopaM, B TOM UMCMe M K 9KCTpeMalbHbIM. Ona ObiBaeT BpOKAeHHOM (MepBuuHat) H MpHoOpeTeHHoii (BTOpHuHas), MaCCHBHO! M aKTHBHOIi. BpoxjenHai § (MaccMBHaa) © PC3MCTeHTHOCTh = OG YCOBMBaeTCA ~=—_aHa TOMO- qbusnonormucckuMu = ocobeHHOCTAMH = opraHH3Ma_=s (Halipumep, —_CTO/UMBOCTb HAC€KOMBIX, uepemax, OGYCNOBNeHHad MX TIOTHBIM XHTHHOBbIM TOKPOBOM). TipuoGperewHad maCCMBHasi pe3HCTeHTHOCTh BO3HHKae€T, B UAaCTHOCTH, Mp ceporepariHv, 3aMeCTHTe/IbHOM Tepe/MBaHHM KpOBH. AKTHBHaA HCCTelMduyecKad pe3HCTeHTHOCTh OGYCIOBIMBaeTCA 3all|MTHO- TIpHCHOCOGHTeNbHBIMU MeXaHH3MaMH, BO3HHKaeT B pe3ybTaTe aparratun (mpucrio- coGieHua K cpeje), TPeHMpOBKH K MOBpexkjaroujemy bakTopy (HampuMep, MOBBIIe- HMe YCTOMUMBOCTH K THMOKCHH BCMesCTBHe aKKIMMaTH3aLMH K BbICOKOrOpHOMy kuuaty). Cneyucbuueckaa namanoeuueckaa peakmuéeHocmb MposBAAeTCA TIpH HMMy- HOMaTOMOMMYECKHX Mpoyeccax (a/eprav, ayTOMMMYHHEIX Gome3HAX, MMMyHO- AebULMTHEIX 1 MMMYHOJenpeCCHBHBIX COCTOAHMAX), a TakKOKe Cretud@uyeckuMn pe- akUMAMu, @OpMupyIOWMMM KapTHHy Gone3HH, JaHHOii HO30M0rHUeCKOii dopMbI (HampuMep, CbIb Mp undeKyuAx, dopMupoBaHue TyOepKye3HOrO Gyropka, cria- CTMUeCKOe COCTOAHMe apTepH Mp TuMlepToHMueCcKoii GonesHH, TopaKeHHe KpoBe- TBOPHOii CHCTeMBI IIpH sy YeBO!i NaTONOMMH Hi Ap.). Hecneyuqbuueckaa namonoeuveckan peaKmueHocmb TIposBIAeTCA HecrerH- QuucckuMn peakyMAMM, CBOHCTBeHHBIMH MHOrHM Gome3sHAM, HalIpHMep, TakKumu, KaK Mxopagka, 6omb, napadvo3 (H.E. BegeHckuii), craHjjapTHad dopma Heiiporex- Hoi AucTpodun (A.J]. Cneparickuii), o6uuii agantayMoHHEtii cungpom (IT. Cente), a TaWOKe Ip HapKO3e, IOKe, STIMeNCHH H JID. B3AMMOOTHOIIEHHE PEAKTHBHOCTH HM PE3MCTEHTHOCTH PeakTHBHOCTh OpraHH3Ma M efO pe3HCTeHTHOCTb CBA3aHbI Mery coGoi CAOKHBIMM OTHOWeHHAMM. «PeakTHBHOCTE» - MOHATHE Gonee WIMpoKoe. OHO BKIO- uaeT B CeO MOHSTHE «pe3HCTeHTHOCTb» M BbIpA#KaeT B OOUIel cbopMe MexaHU3MbI nociefHeli, a TakWKe OTHOLIeHHe OpraH3Ma K JOGoMy areriTy. PesHCTeHTHOCTb BBI- PakaeT MPOLeCCh! PeaKTHBHOCTH KaK MPOLECCbI 3allJMTHO-MPHCIIOCOOUTeIbHOTO Xa- PakTepa Mi OTHOMLIeHHe JHIb K UpesBbIualiHOMy pa3fpaxkuTesto. PeakTHBHOCTb H pe - 3MCTEHTHOCTb He BCerjja MeHSIOTCA OJHOHaMpaBseHo. BpicoKas peaKTHBHOCTh He BCeryfa MpefonaraeT BbICOKY10 (WIM HU3KY10) pe3HCTeHTHOCTh KO BCeM cbakTOpaM cpeypi. Hanpumep, np avacbuakcum peaKTHBHOCTb OpraHu3Ma Y Be/IMUMBaeTCA, HO