Renewable Energy: Boosting Economy and Environment with Innovative Technology, Study notes of Aerospace Engineering

Download Renewable Energy: Boosting Economy and Environment with Innovative Technology and more Study notes Aerospace Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Renewable Energy: Strengthening Our Nation’s Economy Alternative Energy Technology Innovations: The Coming Economic Boom May 12-13, 2005 Savannah, Georgia Dr. Dan E. Arvizu Director, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Energy Challenges are Enormous Economic Growth Environmental Impact Energy Security and Reliability Market Restructuring Technology-based Solutions: There is no one silver bullet, we need many • Energy efficiency • Renewable energy • Non-polluting transportation fuels • Separation and capture of CO2 from fossil fuels • Next generation of nuclear fission and fusion technology • Transition to smart, resilient, distributed energy systems coupled with pollution-free energy carriers, e.g. hydrogen and electricity Renewable Energy Will Play a Key Role in a More Diverse and Secure Energy Supply Renewable Energy Costs are Decreasing Levelized cents/kWh in constant $20001 Wind 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 PV C O E c en ts /k W h 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 40 30 20 10 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 BiomassGeothermal Solar thermal 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 C O E c en ts /k W h 10 8 6 4 2 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 15 12 9 6 3 0 Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt) 1These graphs are reflections of historical cost trends NOT precise annual historical data. Updated: October 2002 Biomass Status Biopower • Grid-connected capacity – 9700 MW direct combustion – 400 MW co-firing • Biopower electricity prices generally range from 8-12¢/kWh Biofuels • Biodiesel – 15 million gallons (2002) • Corn ethanol – 81 commercial plants – 3.4 billion gallons (2004) – ~$1.22/gal • Cellulosic ethanol* – $2.73/gal * Not commercially available Rated at 21 MW and providing the San Francisco Bay Area with baseload capacity, the Tracy Biomass Plant uses wood residues discarded from agricultural and industrial operations. Factors Inhibiting Pace and Volume of Renewable Energy Market Entrance • Capital mobilization • Lack of consistent, stable policies • Electricity pricing: valuing externalities • Further technology advances Mobilizing Capital: Creative Business Partnership Models • Catalyze entrepreneurs • Enhance strategic partnering • Attract new corporate entrants • Invigorate private equity/venture capital Western Governors’ Association Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative • Western U.S is rich with fossil, hydro and renewable energy resources. • Goal of 30,000 MW of clean energy by 2015, using solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, clean coal technologies and advanced natural gas technologies. • Goal to increase the efficiency of energy use by 20% by 2020. • Meet the West’s generation and transmission needs over the next 25 years. Create an Electricity Pricing Structure that Values Externalities • Intangibles have value – Greater value if dealt with in resource planning – Allow a broader perspective • Hard to quantify – Has been controversial – No accepted methodology The Future for Renewable Energy: A Technology Outlook Wind Solar Biomass Biomass Outlook Technology DOE Biomass Program goals: • 5.5¢/kWh by 2010 • $1.07/gal bioethanol by 2020 Policy House-passed energy bill will create a renewable fuels standard that reaches 5 billion gallons/year by 2012 Market Drivers • Future outlook for crude oil prices • Best utilization for biomass – fuels or electricity , melogy Readmaps and Ji oR uC RTC) LWST Turbines: • 3¢/kWh at 13mph • Electricity Market 2012 Offshore LWST Turbine: • 5 cents/kWh • Shallow/Deep water • Electricity Market • Higher wind Sites 2012 and Beyond Custom Turbines: • Electricity • H2 production • Desalinate water • Storage • Multi-Market 2030 and Beyond A Future Vision for Wind Energy Markets 2005 Bulk Power Generator 4-6¢ at 15mph • Land Based • Bulk Electricity • Wind Farms Future Potential= 20% of Electricity Market Land Based Electricity Path Transmission Barriers Cost & Regulatory Barriers Land or Sea Based: • Hydrogen • Clean Water Cost & Infrastructure Barriers Land Based LWST Large-Scale 2–5 MW Offshore Turbines 5 MW and Larger Tomorrow Offshore Electricity Path Advanced Applications Path Today Technologies Policies Markets • Conventional energy prices • Green markets • Incentives & mandates • High technology • Mass production The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory www.nrel.gov Golden, Colorado