Energy Resources and Sustainability: A Comparison of Renewable and Non-renewable Sources, Quizzes of Geology

Download Energy Resources and Sustainability: A Comparison of Renewable and Non-renewable Sources and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Grades On Web Site Assumes Tuesday’s and Today’s Quiz are Taken http://www.geo.wvu.edu/%7Ekite/2006Geol101Grades_AfterTest3_MU_ForPosting.htm Resources Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Renewable Resources Renewal > Rate of Use vs. Renewal < Rate of Use (Must Be Treated as Nonrenewable Resource) 2 Renewable vs. Non- renewable & Renewed > Use vs. Renewed < Use Atomic (Fission) Power Others? Alcohol Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Peat Geothermal Wind Power Solar Power Hydroelectric Power Wood StatusResource Renewabl e vs. Non- renewable & Renewed > Use vs. Renewed < Use NonrenewableAtomic (Fission) Power Others? Complex Issue!Alcohol Renewed < UsePetroleum Renewed < UseNatural Gas Renewed < UseCoal Renewed < UsePeat Renewed < UseGeothermal Renewed > UseWind Power Renewed > UseSolar Power Renewed > UseHydroelectric Power Renewed > UseWood StatusResource Energy Resources Energy Use in the United States: 1635-2000 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/eh/frame.html GEOL 101 Lecture 25 5 How Does Worldwide Natural Crude Oil Production (50 bbl/day) Compare to Consumption? Worldwide Oil Consumption = 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 bbl/day ~3000 Years of Oil Production Every Day 50,000,000 bbl/day 50 bbl/day Crude Oil - Typically In Long-Chain Hydrocarbons Refining (= Cracking The Long Chains) Gasoline (Petrol) Propane Butane Diesel Fuel (#2 = Home Heating Oil) Kerosene (Aviation Fuel) Lubricants Petrochemicals, Including Plastics Hydrocarbon Genesis Depth (m) vs. Temp (oC) 6 Natural Gas - Gaseous (Short-Chain) Hydrocarbons Methane Ethane H H - C - H H H H H - C - C - H H H How Geologists Find Oil Reservoir Rock - Permeable Source Rock - Organic Rich Oil “Pools” Collect in Traps What is a Trap? Oil Is Lighter than Water, So It Rises Toward the Surface Structural Traps - e.g. Anticlines (I.C. White) http://www.football.com/playbook/imgs/ir37trp.gif 7 Production Curves Sustained Production Phase Production Curves Diminishing Production Phase U.S. Oil Production Curve Diminishing Production Phase 10 Coal Fields of the “Lower 48” Coal Room and Pillar Mine 11 Room and Pillar Mine Generalized cross section of subsidence. The area on the surface affected by subsidence is usually wider than the area mined out below. The angle of draw is formed by a line from the edge of the mined area straight up to the surface (A-B), and a line from the edge of the mined area to the edge of the surface subsidence (A-C). The angle of draw does not exceed 45 degrees. WVGES Homeowner's Guide to Geologic Hazards www.wvgs. wvnet.edu/ www/geohaz/ geohaz3.htm Angle of Draw 12 Generalized cross section of subsidence. The area on the surface affected by subsidence is usually wider than the area mined out below. The angle of draw is formed by a line from the edge of the mined area straight up to the surface (A-B), and a line from the edge of the mined area to the edge of the surface subsidence (A-C). The angle of draw does not exceed 45 degrees. WVGES Homeowner's Guide to Geologic Hazards www.wvgs. wvnet.edu/ www/geohaz/ geohaz3.htm Maximum (45°) Angle of Draw Subsidence from Room & Pillar Mine Monongalia Co. WV Long Wall Mining 15 Surface Mining Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) Program East Tennessee Strip Mine Douglas, WV, 1995 16 Muddy Creek, Preston Co., WV, late 1980s Muddy Creek, Preston Co., WV, 1990 Man As A Geomorphic Agent 17 Mining on a Big Scale Rate Earth Is Moved by Humans in Million Tons/Year for 1° Longitude by 1° Latitude Grid Cells 100 0 Image from: Hooke, R. L., 1999, Spatial distribution of human geomorphic activity in the United States; comparison with rivers: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 24, p. 687-692. ? Wyoming Coal is Missing Because of Old Data Area Strip Mining, Powder River Basin, Wyoming 80-100 ft Thick Coal Seams 20 Some fills exceed 100 m is depth (large dump truck for scale). During construction process, fills look very unstable... Amherst WV http://www.geocities.com/~rollinghills/valleys.html End-Dump Durable Rock Fill Completed Durable Rock Valley Fill Photo by Chris Dorst, Charleston Gazette: http://wvgazette.com/ static/series/mining/ mineph1021.html 21 But after reclamation, the process is not obvious to untrained Reclamation Cows at Cannelton Mine One of the wide uses of these fills, which can be significant real estate in a region in which flat land is at a premium. Capital H.S. Mount Olive State Prison (1995), Cannelton Industries mined site in ‘86. Sunday Gazette-Mail Photo 22 Valley Fill (Morgantown) Mall Negatives From Coal Political Ramifications - –Profits for Out-of-State Corporations –Little $ Stayed in Appalachia Acid Precipitation - Worst Acid Rain in US Is In WV pH of US Precipitation Low pH = Acid 25 Atomic Power - US Reactors Nuclear Power Fission Reactors vs. Fusion Reactors TMI 26 North Anna, Virginia Browns Ferry, AL Uranium Mine, Mine Tailings, and Tailings Pond 27 Negatives of Nuclear Power Safety: – Normally Less Radiation Than Coal Plant! – What If Somebody Screws Up? •High-Level Rad Waste: 250,000 years Don’t Confuse With Low-Level Rad Wastes•French Solution: Recycle •US Military Vetoed Technology Weapons-Grade Plutonium! •NIMBY •Cost $$$ & Lives The Simpsons’ Halloween Special II (a.k.a. Treehouse of Horror II) (8F02): In the sequel to the original Treehouse of Horror, three more tales of horror. Lisa, Bart, and Homer eat too much candy, and end up having nightmares...: Homer's Brain - Homer gets randomly fired from the nuclear power plant, and gets hired as a gravedigger. He falls asleep in the grave, and gets picked up by Mr. Burns for a cyborg experiment. [Aired October 31, 1991] http://www.snpp.com/episodeguide/season3.html Homer's Odyssey (7G03): Homer gets fired for causing another accident at the nuclear plant, and almost commits suicide. He see the light, and becomes a safety activist, and soon goes after the plant he was fired from. [Aired January 21, 1990] http://www.snpp.com/episodeguide/season1.html Geothermal Power