Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive Systems: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Animal Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive Systems: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Internal genitalia DEFINITION 1 ovaries and the internal ducts TERM 2 External genitalia DEFINITION 2 external sex organs TERM 3 Uterus DEFINITION 3 hollow, thick walled organ located in the pelvis TERM 4 Body DEFINITION 4 major portion of the uterus TERM 5 Fundus DEFINITION 5 rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tube TERM 6 Isthmus (Horn) DEFINITION 6 narrowed region between the body and cervix TERM 7 Cervix DEFINITION 7 narrow neck which projects into the vagina TERM 8 Cervical canal DEFINITION 8 cavity of the cervix that communicates with:the vagina via the external os and the uterine body via the internal os TERM 9 Cervical glands DEFINITION 9 secrete mucus that covers the external os and blocks sperm entry except during estrus TERM 10 Vagina DEFINITION 10 thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body.the urethra is embedded int the anterior wallProvides a passageway for birth and is the organ of copulation TERM 21 Estrus cycle for Poultry DEFINITION 21 egg production is continuous, sperm are stored in the reproduction tract TERM 22 Ovulation for cattle, swine, goats, dogs, cat DEFINITION 22 ovulate 1-2 days after the onset of estrus TERM 23 Ovulation for Horse DEFINITION 23 ovulate at the end of the estrus period and comes every 21 days TERM 24 Duration of estrus: Cattle DEFINITION 24 24 hours TERM 25 Duration of estrus: Sheep, goat, swine DEFINITION 25 2-3 days TERM 26 Duration of estrus: Dog, cat, horse DEFINITION 26 quite variable ( 5-10 days) TERM 27 Gestation length: Cattle DEFINITION 27 280 days TERM 28 Gestation length: Horses DEFINITION 28 11-12 months TERM 29 Gestation length: Sheep, Goat DEFINITION 29 150 days TERM 30 Gestation length: Swine DEFINITION 30 115 days TERM 31 Gestation length: Dogs, Cats DEFINITION 31 55-60 days TERM 32 Luteal Phase DEFINITION 32 After ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses, granulosa cells enlarge, and along with internal thecal ceslls, form the corpus lutem.The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates in 10 days, leaving a scar (corpus albicans). If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum is maintained throughout pregnancy. TERM 33 Scrotum DEFINITION 33 intrascrotal temperature is kept constant by two sets of muscle:Dartos- smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skinCremaster- bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes TERM 34 Penis DEFINITION 34 A copulatory organ designed to deliver sperm into the female reproductive tract.Cavernous form: fills with blood prior to matingFibroelastic form: sheathed by prepuce except during mating, i.e. cattle, swine, dog TERM 35 Semen DEFINITION 35 Milky white, sticky mixture of sperm and accessory glands secretion. Also provides a transport medium and nutrients (fructose), protects and activates sperm, and facilitates their movement TERM 46 As birth nears, __and__ cause uterine contractions DEFINITION 46 Oxytocin and prostaglandins TERM 47 Prostaglandin F (PGF) DEFINITION 47 cause premature death of the corpus luteum when given between days 7-14 of the cycle. works best with cattle TERM 48 Conception rate: DEFINITION 48 percentage that does not return to estrus ( some will abort and show estrus later) TERM 49 Pregnancy rate: DEFINITION 49 percentage confirmed pregnant after 30 days of gestation TERM 50 Birth rate: DEFINITION 50 percentage actually giving birth to a term fetus TERM 51 Lactation DEFINITION 51 the production of milk by the mammary glands.Estrogens, progesterone, and lactogen stimulate the hypothalamus to release prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH). The anterior pituitary responds by releasing prolactin TERM 52 Alveolus DEFINITION 52 Grape-like cluster of cells that form small pockets. Each pocket is connected to a series of collecting ducts TERM 53 Colostrum DEFINITION 53 Solution rich in Vitamin A, Protein, minerals, and IgA Antibodies.Is released the first 2-3 days then followed by true milk production. TERM 54 Milk Compostion DEFINITION 54 1% minerals3-5% total protein10-15% solids (80-85% water)3-7% total fat content TERM 55 Hyperplasia DEFINITION 55 increasing the number of cells ( cell division) TERM 56 Hypertrophy DEFINITION 56 increasing the size of existing cells TERM 57 Differentiation DEFINITION 57 Specialization of individual, mature cell TERM 58 Protein accretion DEFINITION 58 increasing body mass (weight) due to construction of new, protein-containing tissues.....i.e. muscle TERM 59 Marbling DEFINITION 59 the process of depositing fat between muscle cells. This improves both flavor and tenderness. Occurs after the body has matured and requires lots of nutrients.... so it is costly process