Anatomy and Physiology of Female Reproductive System - Prof. Joel V. Yelich, Study notes of Animal Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology of Female Reproductive System - Prof. Joel V. Yelich and more Study notes Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Spring 2009 1 Female Anatomy and Physiology 1) Gross Anatomy (See Figs. 2.4 to 2.9) Ovaries: female gonads, endocrine & gametogenic functions Internal tract: oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina Tubular components with four distinct layers (Figs 2-1) Serosa: connective tissue & outer coating of tract _______________________________________________________________ Muscularis: outer longitudinal layer + inner circular layer _______________________________________________________________ Submucosa: supporting layer for mucosa, with varying thickness _______________________________________________________________ Mucosa:___________________________________________________________ Epithelium type dependent on function of tract ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Spring 2009 2 Broad ligament: suspensory tissue surrounding tract (Figs. 2.2 &2.3) Peritoneum: abdominal connective tissue ___________________________________________________________ (Fig. 2-11) ___________________________________________________________ Rectogenital pouch: __________________________________________ (Fig. 2-3) Mesoavarian: forms hilus (Fig. 2-11) ____________________________________________________________ Blood vessels, lymphatic supply, nerves Mesosalpinx: (Figs. 2-13, 2-14) ____________________________________________________________ Bitch: completely encloses ovary (Bursa) Mesometrium: (Figs. 2-5, 2-7, 2-9) ____________________________________________________________ ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Spring 2009 5 3) Oviduct (fallopian tube, salpinges) (Fig 2-12, 2-13, 2-14) Anatomy Infundibulum: _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________  surface area assist cumulus/oocyte complex capture Ostium: opening to ampulla Ampulla: first ½ oviduct, “thick appearance” w/ large diameter _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Isthmus: last ½ oviduct, smaller diameter _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ May serve as sperm reservoir Ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Spring 2009 6 _____________________________________________________________________ Mare: control point to allow zygote into isthmus & uterus Uterotubal junction (UTJ) _____________________________________________________________________ Regulates movement embryo into uterus __________________________________________________________________ Functions Sperm and ova transport: __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Ampulla secretions prepare sperm for fertilization (capacitation) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Embryos remains in uterus (2-5 d) until uterus is ready 4) Uterus Anatomical classification (Fig. 2-15) Duplex: marsupials, rabbit _____________________________________________________________________ Bicornuate _____________________________________________________________________ Poorly developed horns: _____________________________________________ Highly developed horns: _____________________________________________ Transuterine migration embryo ewe, pig Simplex ______________________________________________________________________ Anatomical function Perimetrium: continuous serosa layer from mesosalpinx Myometrium: longitudinal + circular layers smooth muscle ANS 3319C Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology Spring 2009 7 ______________________________________________________________________ Sperm transport: mucous-like material facilitates ______________________________________________________________________ (+) early embryonic development, maintains pregnancy ______________________________________________________________________ Endometrium: mucosa + submucosa (Fig 2-16) Mucosa: _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Submucosa: __________________________________________________________ Points of Interest ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________: ruminants (Fig 2-17) ________________________________________________________________ Uterine folds _________________________________________________ (Fig 2-17) Placental scars: queen-previous placental attachments (Fig 2-18) Hormone production: uterine glands ______________________________________________________________________ Overall functions Sperm transport: __________________________________________________________ Prepares sperm for fertilization: _____________________________________________ Providing environment for preimplantation embryo ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Endometrium secretes prostaglandinF2α to initiate luteolysis ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________