Reproductive System - Physiology and Anatomy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Physiology

Download Reproductive System - Physiology and Anatomy - Lecture Slides and more Slides Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! Reoroductive System Ch 27 Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis Meiosis Mitosis v DNA Replication F vreiosis © vitosie Meiosis II \ eS ® Docsity.com Male Reproductive System Docsity.com Human reproduction involves intricate anatomy and complex behavior • Reproductive Anatomy of the Human Male. • External: - penis - scrotum • Internal: - gonads - accessory sex glands and ducts. Docsity.com Male Reproductive System A f f Seminal vesicle (behind bladder) Urinary bladder Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland Erectile tissue of penis Vas deferens We Epididymis Testis . - ~ sy | 7 -—— Glans penis Docsity.com • Testes are the male gonads. • seminiferous tubules- form sperm •Leydig cells (interstitial cells)- produce androgens (ex. Testosterone, ABP). Docsity.com •Testes are located in the scrotum, outside the body cavity. •This keeps testicular temperature cooler than the body cavity. •The testes develop in the body cavity and descend into the scrotum just before birth. Docsity.com Semen • Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline. • It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, and prostaglandins. • Accessory glands: 1.seminal vesicle 2.prostate gland 3.bulbourethral gland Docsity.com Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland): • Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate • Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into the membranous urethra. • Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of urine. Docsity.com •Ejaculation propels sperm from the epididymis to the vas deferens. • The vas deferens run from the scrotum and behind the urinary bladder. •Here each vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct. •The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra. • The urethra drains both the excretory and reproductive systems. Ejaculation Docsity.com • A male usually ejaculates about 2 – 5 mL of semen; each milliliter containing about 50 – 130 million sperm. – Bulbourethral fluid also carries some sperm released before ejaculation. • This is one of the reasons why the withdrawal method of birth control has a high failure rate. Ejaculate Docsity.com Hypothalamus Sperm Maturation & Development Anterior i pituitary ra Interstitial Testosterone | Sustentacular ; Seminiferous cell z tubule Key: ——» = Stimulates ---- = Inhibits Docsity.com Hormones Involved in Spermatogenesis • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH=LH) • Testosterone • Inhibin • ABP Docsity.com Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary GnRH FSH ICSH Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis Docsity.com Feedback Inhibition Inhibin Acts on anterior pituitary Inhibits FSH production Testosterone Acts on hypothalamus Inhibits GnRH production Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis Docsity.com Some Other Effects of Testosterone muscle and bone growth facial and pubic hair growth thickening of vocal cords growth of pharyngeal cartilage hair follicle effects stimulates sebaceous glands Increased BMR Docsity.com Internal reproductive: • Vagina • Cervix • Fallopian tube (uterian tube/oviducts) • Fimbrae • Ovary • Uterus - Endometrium - Myometrium - Perimetrium cervix vagina fimbriae uterine tube ovary uterus endometrium myometrium perimetrium Docsity.com Oogenesis • Estrogen levels rise and release LH and FSH and triggers ovulation. Docsity.com Oogenesis • The 2ndary oocyte travels down the uterine tube to the uterus. • If fertilized by sperm, it will produce a zygote Docsity.com Hormones Involved in the Female Reproductive Cycle Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Estrogen Progesterone Inhibin Relaxin Docsity.com FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE °° 0@OG De» Follicle Corpus luteum growth Ovulation degeneration Estrogens @) mone levels —~hormone levels = Docsity.com 50 3 40 s LH Hormone 2 Fluctuation af 20 2s FSH = o (a) Fluctuation of gonadotropin levels 3 15 = 2 o ay 10 Estrogens 5 5 ee ee 5 8 2 Progesterone of 0 (b) Fluctuation of ovarian hormone levels Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Docsity.com Some Other Effects of Estrogen • breast development • external genitalia growth • bone growth • fat deposition • Increase protein anabolism • Decrease blood cholesterol • Facilitate calcium uptake • Promotes hydration of skin • Feminizes brain Docsity.com