Download Research Methods and more Study notes Technology in PDF only on Docsity! research (n.)
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2 Adolescent Peers Church Neighborhood Family School Society History Wars, Economy, Technology Research • Does fear influence whom you love? Describe To describe thoughts, feelings and behavior Explain To explain why these thoughts, feelings and behaviors occur. Predict To predict implications of these thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Control To modify or change to improve behaviors to better the lives of individuals and society as a whole Four Major Goals of Research in Psychology What Why Anticipate Change or Modify 5 Attachment Theory Preserving Freud’s Insights John Bowlby Still Face Experiment Infants have complex emotional, social and cognitive lives Prototype hypothesis-similarities in the nature of close relationships in infancy and adulthood Importance of early experience • Every thought, behavior, emotion has meaning. • This meaning comes from past or present significant experience. • The meaning of an experience or reaction or decision is often hidden from the person. • Central idea is the unconscious. Attachment theory John Bowlby • The goal of the attachment system is to promote safety (& feelings of security) across the lifespan through a secure base relationship with an attachment figure • Attachment figures are a few key individuals in life, e.g., parents and partners • The attachment system serves as a balance to exploration: optimizing both mastery and safety Components of the attachment system • Behavior • The secure base phenomenon • Emotion • Triggers activation of the system • Associated with quality of attachment • Cognition • Script or representation associated with behavior/emotion pattern 6 What does Attachment Behavior look like? The Secure Base Phenomenon 2 Toy Toy Toy 3 4 Toy 5 Look at mom Chair Stranger TV Mom 1 Baby Look at mom6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Toy Toy Look at mom 13 Everett Waters, 1996 Cat Development of attachment representations • Secure base behaviors become automatic • Expectations lead to the development of scripts or cognitive representations • Cognitive representations are a framework or filter for understanding attachment experiences • Representations are a guide for behavior in attachment-relevant situations The importance of attachment: Harry Harlow and the Rhesus Monkeys • Testing the theory: Cupboard vs. contact comfort • Monkeys separated from mot er at 6 to 12 hours after birth • Raised by surrogate mothers • Video Cloth No food Wired mom: Food 7 What Harlow found: Importance of Attachment• Monkeys sp nt greater amou t of time clinging to cloth mother than wire mother “feeding” mother. • The most important features of a mother was WARMTH and AFFECTION rather than nourishment and (warmth) • Need for warmth and affection goes deeper than a need for nourishment • Strange Situation The theory-data cycle • Social Exchange Theory • Behavioral Theory • Attachment Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle • Good scientific theories • Supported by data • Falsifiable • Have parsimony • Don’t prove anything (weight of the evidence)
