Download Respiratory system Science Olymidad and more Cheat Sheet Biology in PDF only on Docsity! As air is inhaled and passes through the nasal passages, it is filtered, heated, and humidified. The filtering process continues as air flows down through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi to the lungs. Each lung contains a tree of branching tubes that end in tiny air sacs, or alveoli, where gases diffuse into and out of the bloodstream through tiny vessels Each lung has millions of alveoli and has a network of air passageways starting from the trancha below the larynx Trachea splits into two main bronchi and that becomes bronchioles Bronchioles lead to alveoil with supply with air Each lung is divided into lobes—the left lung has two and the right lung has three—which are similar to balloons fd filled with sponge-like tissue. Each lobe receives air from its own branch of the bronchial tree, but they all have the same function: bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide-- Each alveolus is lined with a watery fluid, and if there was no surfactant the water would crush the alveolus Lungs contract so low pressure in lungs and high pressure, other way around for exhale. Hemoglobin transports oxygen around the body Then the oxygen does diffusion and reaches the blood partial pressure in air is at 104 millimeters but when the blood does not have oxygen it is at 40 so air comes Reasons for Hemoglobin loss pressure, higher heat, CO2 also helps release because it binds, sipke in CO2 make blood more acidic Inspiration (inhalation) is the process of taking air into the lungs. It is the active phase of ventilation because it is the result of muscle contraction. During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity increases in volume. This decreases the intraalveolar pressure so that air flows into the lungs. Inspiration draws air into the lungs. Expiration (exhalation) is the process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle. During expiration, the relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of tissue decreases the thoracic volume and increases the intraalveolar pressure. Expiration pushes air out of the lungs. Breathing patterns consist of tidal volume and respiratory rate in an individual. An average breathing pattern is 12 breaths per minute and 500 mL per breath. Eupnea is normal breathing at rest. There are types of altered breathing patterns that are symptoms of many diseases. Altered breathing patterns refer to changes in respiratory rate or amount of air exchanged during breathing, and do not always indicate changes in alveolar ventilation. The mechanism of generation of the ventilatory pattern involves the integration of neural signals by respiratory control centers in the medulla and pons.
