Download Astronomy II - Stars and Galaxies (Astr 1020) Exam Review Sheet - Prof. Richard Ignace and more Study notes Astronomy in PDF only on Docsity! Astronomy II - Stars and Galaxies (Astr 1020) Fall 2009 Prof Richard Ignace REVIEW FOR FIRST EXAM This review sheet is intended to be a broad guide to help you prepare for the examination. Some of the exam questions will test basic knowledge of the material (i.e., knowing just the facts), but others test understanding of the implications of these facts. So, you will be tested on knowledge and application. This is NOT an exhaustive listing! Material for the 1st exam will not be limited to what appears here, but if it appears here, I consider it to be important. Calculators will be needed. Expect 35 multiple choice questions with a few being quantitative problems. Focus your study on my lecture notes and the homework problems. Treat the book as supplemental. And of course, if you have any questions, feel free to see me at office hours (walk-in) or arrange an appointment. 1. Historical • Ptolemy and the geocentric model; Aristarchus, Aristotle, Pythagoras, Eratosthenes • Copernicus and the heliocentric model - understand how retrograde loops motivated the helio- centric approach • Kepler and his three laws of planetary motion (know about ellipses, and jargon such as “semi- major axis” and “eccentricity”) • Galileo’s contributions to modern astronomy, especially the heliocentric model • Hooke - central forces • Newton and his three laws of motion; terminology: forces, inertia, speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, angular momentum (“spinnedness”) • Kirchoff’s three laws - different cases • blackbodies - know what these are plus Wien’s law and Stefan-Boltzmann law • Bohr atom - know about electrons, protons, neutrons, nucleus, energy levels, absorption, emission, ionization, recombination and relation to Kirchoff’s laws 2. Science • scientific notation, order of magnitude, metric prefixes • Gravity (know the formula), circular motion under gravity, meaning of escape speed, gravity explains orbital motions of Kepler’s laws • Planck’s Law - photons and photon energy • Blackbodies - Wien’s law and Stefan-Boltzmann’s Law • Flux (i.e., the inverse square law of light), luminosity, • Doppler shift - connection to motion, use of redshift and blueshift • Electromagnetic spectrum – different kinds of light, wavelengths, frequencies, relation between wavelength and frequency and speed of light, also photons and energy of light • Observing with telescopes - atmospheric “seeing”, atmospheric transparency, why put telescopes in space, concept of “resolution” for image detail (angular resolution) and spectral detail (spectral resolution), telescopes as “light buckets” (aperture size)
