Chemistry Nomenclature: Aldehydes, Ketones, Acid Derivatives and Functional Groups - Prof., Study notes of Chemistry

Download Chemistry Nomenclature: Aldehydes, Ketones, Acid Derivatives and Functional Groups - Prof. and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! FINAL CHEMISTRY 202 NOMENCLATURE FUNCTIONAL GROUP Aldehydes Ketones Acid Chlorides Acid Anhydrides (simple) (mixed) Esters ENDING EXAMPLES -a1 butanal* -one pentan-2-one (or 2-pentanone) -d chloride propanoyl chloride* -oic anhvdride butanoic anhydride* -oic -oic anhydride butanoic ethanoic anhydride -yJ -0ate 2-chloroethyl heptanoate* (for alcohol part 0-C carbon is 1) * C=O carbon is number 1 unless C=O is attached to a ring; then first ring carbon is number 1 and naming system changes: cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (or -carboxalde- hyde); cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride; cyclopentanecarboxylic anhydride; ethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate; N,N-diethylcycloheptanecarboxamide. Note: Must know carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines to do acid derivatives; also naming and numbering of en (C=C) and (alkyne) when part of root name. Remember prefixes; e.g. : Hydroxy, methoxy, amino, phenyl, cyclo, alkyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, di (tri, etc.), halo Trivial name prefixes: allyl, vinyl benzyl, etc. Remember geometry in alkenes (El Z) and stereochemistry in rings (cis, trans). Remember naming and numbering in aromatic compounds (note: benzaldehyde, benzamide). Ketones: Alternate trivial nomenclature: Ethyl propyl ketone for hexan-2-one Standard trivial nomenclature: Use 3-carbon rule. Must know functional groups (including differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary amides) and identification of chiral carbons to do isomer problems.