Reviewer for 21st Century Literature fromt the Philippines and the World, Summaries of English

Download Reviewer for 21st Century Literature fromt the Philippines and the World and more Summaries English in PDF only on Docsity! UNIT I: INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Lesson 1: Philippine Literary Timeline Literature x can remind us of the horrors of the past, and bring with it sensory experiences of through rhyme, rhythm, and image. x a more tactile, evocative medium x keeps the past alive for the present readers. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (BC TO 1564) Historical Events x the first period of Philippine literary history is the longest. x pre-colonial Philippine people were able to preserve their indigenous culture by living outside the reach of Spanish colonial administrators x oral literature carried the marks of community between pre-colonial Filipinos x anyone in the community were potential poets, singers or storytellers as long as they knew the language, and had been attentive to its convenience. x oral literature served as the language of their daily lives. x important events in the life of the ancient peoples were tied to religious observances, with poetry recited, chanted, sung in rites and ceremonies. x Filipinos had a culture that linked them to Malays in Southeast Asia, some traces of Indian, Arabic, and Chinese influences. Literary Works x Riddle o one or more measured lines with rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables o shows the Filipino wit, literary talent, and observations of surroundings. x Epigrams/Proverbs (Salawikain/Sawikain) o short poems that served as laws or rules on good behavior by ancestors. o teaches lessons for the young ones. x Chants (Bulong) o used in witchcrafts and enchantments. x Myths o from Philippine folk literature, the traditional oral literature of the Filipinos. o a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. x Folk Songs o folk lyric that expresses the people's hopes, aspirations, and lifestyle. x Epic o heroic achievements o usually, a hero is dealt with at length. Famous Authors x literature was passed down through storytelling from one person to another (saling-dila). x author remains unknown until present time COLONIAL PERIOD (1565-1946) A. Spanish Occupation Historical Events x the Spanish colonial strategy was to replace the native oral tradition with the story of the Passion of Christ. x the appeal of the Jesus myth was inhered by promising eternal life for everyone. x the native tradition survived and even flourished in areas inaccessible to colonial power. x marked the beginning of indio literacy and spurred the creation of the first written literary native text. x the writers called ladinos who were fluent in Spanish and Tagalog, published their work, mainly devotional poetry, in the first decade of the 17th century. x marks the beginning of the end of mythological culture. Literary Works x Christian Doctrine (Religious Literature) o prayer book written in Spanish with a Tagalog translation. o for the exclusive use of missionaries. x Senakulo (Religious Literature) o a dramatization of the pasyon. x Pasyon (Religious Literature) o long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. x Awit o colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting. x Komedya (Moro-moro) o secular literature from Spain o medieval ballads inspired by the native poetic-drama Famous Writers x Gaspar Aquino De Belen o was a Filipino poet and translator of the 17th century. o known for authoring a 1704 rendition of the Pasyon: a known poetic narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus x Jose Dela Cruz (1746 - 1829) o foremost exponent of the komedya during his time o a poet of prodigious output and urbane style o his elevated diction distinguishes his work from folk idiom. x Francisco Baltazar (1788 - 1862) o popularly called Balagtas o the acknowledged master of traditional Tagalog poetry. o being caught between two cultures, he could switch codes, provide insight and information to his oppressed compatriots and guise of a tradition provided by a foreign culture o his narrative poem Florante at Laura written in sublime Tagalog, is about tyranny in Albanya, but it is also perceived to be about tyranny in his Filipino homeland. Literary Styles and Themes x the topics of literary works include religion, specifically Christianity and European traditions. x grammar books in Tagalog were also published in this time period. x some were sung, like The Passion x some were prayers that believers chant in Church. Literary Examples x Doctrina Christiana (1593) x Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo by Gaspar Aquino de Belen x Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary) x Ang Barlaan at Josaphat by Fray Antonio de Borja x Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas x Mi Ultimadoadios by Jose Rizal B. Propaganda & Revolutionary Period Historical Events x began in August 1986, when the Spanish authorities discovered Katipunan x during a great revolution, literature nearly disappears and there is silence for x FLOLSLQRVZKRDUHQ¶W LQWRPDNLQJUHYROXWLRQ in action revived the Philippine literature with their own writings x saw various literary masterpieces written as ammunition and shield in the war to independence x periodicals and magazines flourished as avenues for idea propagation Literary Works x Political Essays (Propaganda Literature) o satires, editorials and news articles o written to attack and expose the evils of the Spanish rules o helped inflame the spirit of revolution x Political Novels (Propaganda Literature) o directly criticizes an entire society or present and alternative x Revolutionary Literature Literary Styles and Themes x The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts. Literary Examples x Lupang Tinubuan by Narciso Reyes x Uhaw and Tigang na Lupa by Liwayway Arceo x Lunsod Nayon at Dagat-dagatan by NVM Gonzales POST-COLONIAL PERIOD (1946-PRESENT) A. Late 20th Century (Martial Law) Historical Events x With the declaration of Presidential Decree 1081 on September 21, 1972, many publications and mass media outlets were shut down. x Filipino writers started to use their writings to explore socio -political realities. x Protest has always been a potent force in the production of socially committed writings x The 1970s, for example, witnessed the proliferation of poems, short stories, and novels that grappled with the burning issues of the times. x In a large number of magazines and journals, writers in both English and Filipino faced the problems of exploitation and injustice and appropriated these realities as the only relevant materials for their fiction. x In the underground press, writers used pen names. x Illegal organizations or groups published the works. Those caught with such publications could be held in detention or imprisoned, tortured, and even killed. Literary Works x Protest Literature o Revolutionary literature. o All about engagement, combat, committed, resistance, socially conscious literature. x Proletarian Literature o Works under this literature were too strong to ignore. o Deemed unimaginable, for the committed writer doing political work, to still think of poetry as beauty recollected in tranquility. x Prison Literature o Journalists and prominent political opposition figures were the first to be ensnared in the dragnet cast by the Marcos intelligence and police apparatus, followed by militant activists, including academics who were also noted for their critical literary writings. x Circumvention Literature o Was in the precious little space afforded by certain publications and institutions sanctioned by the Martial Law Administration, that the so- FDOOHG ³/LWHUDWXUH RI &LUFXPYHQWLRQ EHJDQWRDSSHDU´ Famous Authors x Ponciano Pineda o An American writer, teacher, linguist, lawyer, activist during Martial Law. o ³)DWKHU RI WKH &RPPLVVLRQ RI )LOLSLQR/DQJXDJH´ x Bienvenido Ramos o A Filipino poet o Contributed to Liwayway, Ilang- ilang, and other magazines with his revolutionary poems. x Jose Y. Dalisay Jr. o A Filipino writer o Won numerous awards and prizes for fiction, poetry, drama, non-fiction, and screenwriting including 16 Palanca Awards o UVHGWKHSHQQDPH³%XWFK'DOLVD\´ Literary Styles and Themes x Most poems dealt with the patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the other beauties of nature and surrounding. x Filipinos faced the problems of exploitation and injustice and appropriated these realities as the only relevant materials for their fiction. Literary Examples x "Prometheus Unbound" appeared in Focus x "If a Poem was a Just" (Prison Literature) x "Days of Disquiet" by Jose F. Lacaba x "An Underground Tale" by Benjamin Pimentel Jr. B. 21st Century Literature Historical Events x Bilingual education which was continued up to present resulted in the deterioration of English in the different levels of education. x The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. x The short stories, like the novels and plays, were no different in style from those written before x The Philippine literature may have changed but Filipino writers continue to show dynamism and innovation. Literary Works x Poetry o Topics might change and free-form is usually used. x Fiction Works o Can also be a literary work based on imagination rather than on fact x Theses o The most important or foundational idea of an argument, presentation, or piece of writing ± often used in education. x Games o A form of literary art which can be virtually and in reality. o Participants, termed players, make decisions in order to manage resources through game tokens in the pursuit of a goal. x Comic o A medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. o Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common images. Famous Authors x Carlo J. Caparas o a comic creator, writer, director and producer who became sensational known for his created local superheroes and comic book characters. x Mars Ravelo o Comic strip creator and writer who became phenomenal in the Philippines for his created superheroes such as "Darna" and "Dyesabel" x Gilda Oldivado o A popular Filipino novelist and writer known for her extraordinary love stories. x Bob Ong o The pseudonym of an anonymous Filipino contemporary author known for using conversational Filipino to create humorous and reflective depictions of life. Literary Styles and Themes x Contemporary writers often consciously draw inspiration and ideas from the writers who have come before them. x Many works grapple with the events, movements and literature of the past. x Other writers hypothetically write about the future, to comment on the present and evoke introspection due to technological advancements. Literary Works x "Sinasamba Kita" and "%DEDQJRQ $NR¶W Dudurugin Kita" by Gilda Olvidado e “Panday” by Carlo J. Caparas e “ABNKKBSNPLAko?!” by Bob Ong e¢ “Lumbay ng Dila” by Genevive L. Asenjo. x Popular Function o Based on wattpad.com stories, a free online storytelling community. o Stories, articles, and poems enjoyed by the current readers and have also been published recently. x Slam Poetry o These poems are originals and are recited. o It is performed in front of people and should tug at the heart of the listener. x Flip Top o A form of a freestyle and on-the-spot rap battle that uses creativity and wit in answering the opponent. x Chat Fiction/Textulas o Stories that unfold in SMS format or in Chat Boxes. x Fan Fiction (FanFic) o Taking either the story or characters (or both) of a certain piece of work and FUHDWLQJDVWRU\RIRQH¶Vown story based on it. UNIT II: 21st CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE REGION Lesson 3: Introduction to Literatures in Mindanao Concept Notes x the literature of Mindanao requires knowledge and appreciation of its history and cultures, economy, religions and the artistic cultures of its tri-people community. x tri-people community: composing of 13 Moro groups, 21 Lumad groups, and the third and fourth generations of Christian migrants from Luzon and the Visayas x there has been a keen interest in knowing the indigenous literatures of Mindanao, which is believed to be the least influenced by Western cultures. x Filipinos got a glimpse of pre-Islamic and pre-Christian life, and with it, the indigenous literatures of Mindanao from the early Chinese, Malayan, and Indian traders, the Spanish missionaries, historians, and anthropologists. x it was in the last four decades that the literature got its fair share of promotion in the predominantly western ± oriented study of literature. x because of the superficial research by textbook writers on these literatures, their popularization had lagged other literatures of the country, such as Cebuano and Tagalog CONTEMPORARY WRITERS FROM WESTERN MINDANAO Antonio Reyes Enriquez x the author of several books of short stories and novels. x was born in Barangay Labuan, Zamboanga City in 1936, and was educated at a local Jesuit school in Zamboanga. x did various jobs like writing news and other features for various newspapers and magazines. x joined a surveying company in Cotabato, where his experience provided him settings and characters for his novel Surveyors of the Liguasan Marsh. x won a writing fellowship award which brought him to Silliman University where he graduated with a liberal degree in Creative Writing. x in 1982 and 1993, he won the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial grand prize for Literature. x in 1996, he was recognized with the Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas Award for Fiction in English by the Unyon ng mga 0DQXQXODWVD3LOLSLQDV 803,/ RU:ULWHU¶V Union of the Philippines. x in 2000, Antonio Enriquez was presented by the Thai royal family with the S.E.A Write Award. x in 2013, The Fr. Eduardo Hontiveros Sj Award for Culture and Arts was to him by the Ateneo de Zamboanga University. Samples x Surveyors of the Liuasan Marsh o the episode in the novel depicts less of the charm and hospitality of Zamboanga in particular those of the tensions and frustrations of people. Strong antagonism is seen between Christians and Muslims however not all sentimental reflects the point of view of the Christians. x Subanons o depicts the lives of the Subanons in Mindanao at the height of the governmHQW¶V PLOLWDU\ FDPSDLJQ against NPAs. o the Subanons are not merely caught in this crossfire; they are singled out as the primary casualties of war. o a fact-based narrative from the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao GXULQJWKH0DUFRV¶UHJLPH o the main theme is to expose the conflicting situation of the Subanons being sandwiched between NPAs demand for revolutionary taxes and WKH 0LOLWDU\¶V LQKXPDQ DQG XQMXVW killing of innocent residents of the Zamboanga Peninsula. o other themes could include the tension between solidarity and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, preservation of cultural and personal values and strong faith in their gods amidst the terror of torture and death. x The Unseen War o collection of short stories, landscaped in Zamboanga peninsula and Maguindanao in the 17th century Spanish colonial days; o conflict with religion, tradition and custom and a war fought between spears, arrows and long knives as only war could only be fought between Moro and Christian warriors in the olden days. Marion Bais Guerrero x graduated Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University in the year 2009. x taught at the Ateneo de Zamboanga University High School and University of San Carlos, Cebu. x the first Manuel E. Buenafe Fellow at the WK,OLJDQ1DWLRQDO:ULWHUV¶:RUNVKRS x a fellow at the 3rd Western Mindanao Writers Workshop and the 1st AdZU Creative Writing Workshop. x in all these events, he wrote in Chavacano.