Reviewers from General Education Subjects, Study notes of Psychology

Download Reviewers from General Education Subjects and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! COMMUNICATION  the act or process of communicating; fact of being communicated.  the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs. COMMUNICATION ETHICS  a system of moral principles  deals with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. 5 COMMUNICATION ETHICS  The principle governing communication, the right and wrong aspects of it, the moral-immoral dimensions relevant to Interpersonal communication are called the ethics of Interpersonal communication.  Maintaining the correct balance between the speaking and listening  the legitimacy of fear and emotional appeal degree of criticism and praise  A death or an overdose of either of the factors could result in unfavourable consequences.  The principle of honesty on both sides should be completely applied because any amount of insincerity from either the listener or the speaker would not be prudent. FUNDAMENTALS OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION  responsible thinking  decision making  development of relationships and communities  Contexts Cultures Channels Media UNETHICAL COMMUNICATION  • threatens the quality of all communication and consequently the well-being of individuals and the society. PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION  advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication.  endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible decision making fundamental to a civil society.  strive to understand and respect other communicators before evaluating and responding to their messages.  promote access to communication resources and opportunities as necessary to fulfill human potential and contribute to the well-being of families, communities, and society.  condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.  Being committed to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice.  advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and confidentiality.  accept responsibility for the short- and longterm consequences for our own communication and expect the same of others. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION  The Five Ws Lasswell's (1948) model is an essential element of all communication, getting this right is the first step in thprocess and is dependent upon what is required to be communicated at the time. 1. Who: the source 2. Says What: the message 3. In Which Channel: through what channel or medium 4. To Whom: the audience 5. To What Effect: the desired effect?? 7 C’S PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Clear/Clarity a) has a purpose b) articulation (pronunciation/enunciation) that includes phrasing, accent, phonology or sound c) message or the idea 2. Concise/Conciseness Purposive C mmuni tio a) detailed but brief: direct to the point b) short but complete 3. Concrete a) visualization/picture or image b) description 4. Correct/Correctness a) language (grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization) b) articulation c) message 5. Coherent a) the ideas must stick together b) must be related to each other 6. Complete a. all essential parts of the spoken & written communication must be present - message - idea - details - ethnical parts 7. Courteous a. show respect and dignity at all times b. good will COMMUNICATION MODELS ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION  There is no concept of feedback. It is one way from speaker to audience.  There is no concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.  This model can be used in public speaking  the speaker variable here is very important  beliefs, views, and attitudes also play an important role when talking about audience consideration 5 ELEMENTS OF ARISTOTLE’S MODEL - speaker - speech - occasion - audience - effect BERLO’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION (S-M-C-R)  basic process of communication by which has all the ingredients of communication  main purpose is to send the message to the recipient  example is watching news on TV LASSWELL’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION  It does not include feedback and ignores the existence of noise  The model is very general and simplistic.  The model is more focused on the outcome and generally used for media persuasion.  it has no occasion SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL  This model is sometimes impaired by SEMANTIC NOISE  It relies on one-to-one communication  Misunderstanding can cause a message to be interpreted differently SHANNON-WEAVER MATHEMATICAL MODEL  It is applicable for interpersonal communication than group communication and mass communication.  Sender plays the important part in the communication process and receiver is not emphasized.  Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the massages sent by the sender