Revision-Introduction to Broadcasting-Lecture Handout, Exercises of Mass Communication

Download Revision-Introduction to Broadcasting-Lecture Handout and more Exercises Mass Communication in PDF only on Docsity! Introduction to Broadcasting – MCM 411 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 50 LESSON 22 REVISION Why to broadcast? The foremost thing coming to mind is why it is so essential to broadcast something. Well, growth in the size of societies requires some mechanism to keep people informed about a number of developments taking place around them to make their life organized, smooth and at times, to relieve them of their routine anxieties. Such rapid communication helps societies to improve their quality of life as well. Invention of Radio: • Discovering radio waves (1864) – An amazing piece of math’s • Marconi's first wireless signal (1893) – Three dots that made history • The first transatlantic radio message (1901) – Cornwall to St. John's • Alum Bay, Isle of Wight (1897) – Marconi's first wireless station CLASSIFICATION OF PROGRAMS: Almost all the leading broadcasting houses have put their presentations in these distinct categories namely: • News • Current Affairs • Programming CURRENT AFFAIRS: • Talk Shows • Discussions • Interviews • Seminars • Live Shows OUTDOOR BROADCASTING: • VIP Movement • Suddenly Assigned Events • Collecting Reactions • Road Shows • Regular Public Events CURTAIN RAISERS: • Political • Financial • Sports • Academics docsity.com Introduction to Broadcasting – MCM 411 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 51 RADIO FEATURE • Personality Features • Features on PLACES • Features on Events • Occasional Radio Features MUSICAL PROGRAMS: • Classical music • Semi classical music • Light and Film music • Folk Music • National songs/ Arifana Kalam/ Qawwalies • Popular Music • Musical Conferences RADIO DOCUMENTARY: • Narrative • Musical • Dramatized • Insertions DISC JOCKEY The radio program production knows no limit. After having produced items of news, current affairs, outdoor, dramas, features, interviews, music and documentaries there still remain desire and room to do yet more. Radio produces almost on daily basis a range of programs other than the ones mentioned just above, usually labeled as disc jockeys. The need of such programs was felt when most radio stations decided to be on air for round the clock or more than half the day. Earlier when the radio transmission was meant for limited hours of a day, the length of radio program was also limited. There was little variety in the nature of programs. But by going on air for longer spells of time, and with the involvement of commercial activities, the radio stations felt a pressure to devise programs which must fill the time appropriately VOICE IN BROADCASTING: Speech: • Accent • Loudness • Stress • Stretch • Pauses NOISE: In a common way noise refers to sounds and voices. But in communication it means altogether different. Anything, in any form, which distorts or hampers true meanings of a message, is understood as noise. If we talk in general, we notice that more than often a message does not reach the receiver the way it is intended by the sender, that is, it loses a part of meaning, or the whole meaning, some where in the way. This situation frequently docsity.com Introduction to Broadcasting – MCM 411 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 54 country’s position on certain developments in the world trade, reaction of the business community and the possible amendments which may remove obstacles in a smooth international trade. From here on the discussion must start to find new ideas on various aspects of the top under discussion. If this is not done this way, then the program would be repeating things which are already in the knowledge of listeners. Script for Documentaries & Radio Features For all documentaries and radio features, a script must be ready before other formalities are fulfilled. In documentaries the script may carry historical data as well. One thing which must be taken care of is the choice of words which should be simple and understood by common people without much botheration. Script for Live Shows Though it seems, the talent is saying something off the cuff, it is not so. All one is saying at the mike in front of a huge gatherings like the live-shows, or awards giving ceremonies, is not only strictly scripted but properly rehearsed for one can’t afford to slip and cause embarrassment to the producer and the station when VIPS and other bigwigs are around. Script for Disc Jockeys All Programs – children, women, forces, farmers, light-talk, film songs-based, announcements, messages etc. are not without scripts. Since these programs carry a fair amount of talking, pieces of advice, jokes, what to do and what not and ordinary statements/announcements, the talents need a copy of script. Even a shift announcer is given a script to make announcements for the programs and news bulletins to follow. The same script is also held by the producers to make sure that a program goes according to the script. Script for Dramas Needless is to say that a drama needs a script; it has to be. In fact there is no concept of a radio play without a script. Not only a formal script is required to produce a drama, the drama script is so frequently punctuated with marks like cues and cautions; pauses, loud speech, whisper, snobbish and the background musical effects. These are the scripts, which are not only rehearsed for hours but sometimes for days; to the satisfaction of the director before recordings begin. The following point should be kept in mind while dealing with a script for dramas: • One-liner • Few Characters • Brief lines • All sound effects mentioned (radio script) docsity.com Introduction to Broadcasting – MCM 411 VU ©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan 55 • Story sequence well defined and easy to understand • Turning points fully emphasized INTERACTIVE BROADCASTING Interactive means getting a reaction of an action. In the terminology of broadcasting it refers to asking something from a broadcaster/guest speaker and getting a quick reply. • Online • E-mails • Interviews • Views in News Internet radio Very drastic change is on its way in distance-listening which is likely to shake up the whole present day structure and nature of broadcasting; the internet radio stations. There are already many, though their penetration is not much but with the type of technologies available in multimedia, this broadcasting style is likely to take the world by storm. Pod-casting Pod-casting should not sound strange if you are a Netizen. This is creating your own radio station on the net with almost negligible cost- on software and little arrangement on what you intend to broadcast. And no license taxes or checks applicable so far. It seems a fun at present, tomorrow it will involve a commercial interest and by any business yardstick, will be a formal way of broadcasting. At present you only need to posses ample knowledge of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) files which is a format which helps in making programs which you could allow your subscribers/ friends to access on your website. An added knowledge on MP3 format will be a great help also. These two types of audio files do the whole business for you to run a broadcasting facility on the Net. docsity.com