REVISIONAL AND PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ANIMAL NUTRITION, Exams of Nutrition

Download REVISIONAL AND PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON ANIMAL NUTRITION and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity! REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR NUTRITIONS IN ANIMALS (FOOD SUBSTANCES, BALANCED DIET, MODES OF NUTRITION, DENTITION, DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, DIGESTION OF FOOD IN MAN) Questions 1 Explain briefly chemosynthesis as a mode of nutrition (b) Give two examples of organisms that carry out chemosynthesis. Answer a. chemosynthesis is an autotrophic nutrition in which certain organisms are able to synthesize organic compounds from simple inorganic materials such as CO2 etc. (get the full note for more knowledge) b. 1. Flowering plants 2. spirogyra Question 2 List four modes of nutrition (b) outline the process involved in light and dark reactions of photosynthesis (c)describe briefly the modification and mechanisms associated with Red blood cells: iron (download my full note on transportation) Thyroid gland: iodine b. 1 they release glucose slowly 2 roughages prevent constipation 3 they do not contribute to weight gain or high blood sugar (you can get more by just downloading the file on animal nutrition, food substances) c. protein is used for the growth of young ones protein supplies necessary amino acids in the body protein is used for the production of hormones and enzymes. Question 4 Define dentition(b) mention 5 ways of caring for the teeth (c) explain the structure of the tooth (d) what is dental formula Answers a. Dentition refers to the number, arrangement and conformation of teeth in an organism b. the teeth should be cleaned with brush and tooth paste twice a day artificial teeth should always be removed and washed with germicide solution after each meal. The dentist should be visited for regular checkup at least twice a year Stains from eating kolas or tobacco smoking should be washed by using hydrogen peroxide. Sugary foods should be avoided because bacteria feed on sugar and in the process turn them into acid which attacks the teeth. c. starting with the external part, the tooth consists of enamel. Enamel is a very hard nonliving substances containing calcium salts. (this is not the full note download my note on dentition) below the enamel is the dentine. At the center of the tooth is pulp cavity which is made up of of connective tissues etc. (download my note on dentition for more explanation on the structures of the tooth) d. dental formula refers to the numbers and types of teeth present in the mouth of an animal Question 5 Write short notes on (i) absorbing mechanism (ii) biting and chewing mechanism (iii) sucking mechanism Answer Absorbing mechanism: this is used by tapeworm. Whereby the tapeworm has no stomach and stay inside of a body and absorbs the digested foods in the body Biting and chewing mechanism: example of animals that uses this mode of feeding are the grasshoppers and cockroach. The insects has four different mouth parts which are modified and adapted for biting and chewing foods 3. stomach 4. duodenum 5. small intestine 6. caecum 7. appendix 8. large intestines 9. rectum 10. anus (download my full note on digestive system which will soon be posted but if you are reading these later it might have already been out) b. water is required for metabolic activities in the bodies it is necessary for the digestion of food it acts as medium of transportation for nutrient it also helps to maintain the osmotic content of the body tissues (download my full note on animal nutrition: food substances) Question 8 Describe the role of the following in mammalian nutrition: (i) teeth (ii)tongue (iii)saliva (iv) stomach (b) Answer (i) teeth: they are used to cut, grind or chew food into tiny particles (ii) tongue: (i) it aids movement of the mouth (ii) it allows mixing of food with saliva or ptyalin (iii)it aids swallowing of food into gullet or esophagus (iii) saliva: secrets enzyme ptyalin that breaks down starch into maltose (i) it serves as solvent for food (iv) stomach: they store food for few hours and it releases at regular intervals by the opening of the phylotic sphincter. Question 9 List two functions of digestive enzymes(b) classification of enzymes (c) what is trypsin Answer (i) Enzymes help in breaking down fats and oil into amino acids (ii) they help in breaking down carbohydrate into glucose, fructose and glycerol (b) (i) hydrolases (ii) oxidoreductases (iii) transferases (iv) isomerases (v) ligases (vi) lyases