British Identity and the 18th Century: A Time of Change and Competition, Quizzes of History of East Asia

Download British Identity and the 18th Century: A Time of Change and Competition and more Quizzes History of East Asia in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 British Identity in 18th century DEFINITION 1 - Not being french (from imperial competition)- Shared protestant religion (french are catholic)- Great economic connections (free trade across globe)- Liberty! "rights of the englishman" (pride in constitution and parliament) TERM 2 Protestant DEFINITION 2 Western christian church that the British followed in the 18th century. Main principles from the reformation. TERM 3 Parliament DEFINITION 3 Government's democratic legislature. Usually have chambers of houses and usually answers to the prime minister or monarch. TERM 4 "Rights of Free Englishmen" DEFINITION 4 Traditional rights of British subjects- Liberty- Patriotism- Parliament TERM 5 7 Years War DEFINITION 5 French and Indian War between 1754-1763. War over land and to end catholic religion in America? British won and acquired lots of eastern land, Florida, and parts of the Caribbean. TERM 6 Iroquois DEFINITION 6 Important northeast Native American confederacy during the 7 years war. Tried to play France and Britain off of each other to solidify their own power and maintain their independence in America. TERM 7 Tanaghrisson "The Half King" DEFINITION 7 American Indian leader during the 7 years war. He was known for trying to connect with the British by giving them gifts to get into good terms. He ended up killing a french diplomat which was a start for a declaration of war by the indians. TERM 8 Governor Dinwiddie DEFINITION 8 British governor of Virginia. Many of his actions helped start the French and Indian war in that he wanted to limit French expansion and he called for George Washington to help him. TERM 9 George Washington DEFINITION 9 At the time was called to come in and survey 3 French forts during the French and Indian War. He was uneducated but very ambitious and had vast knowledge of the land. TERM 10 The Battle of Quebec DEFINITION 10 Fought in 1775 between the British and Americans. First major defeat for the Americans. TERM 21 Stamp Act (1765) DEFINITION 21 Direct Tax by parliament on America that printed materials be produced on taxed stamped paper. People felt it violated their rights as Free Englishmen.- Pamphlet protests- Creates Stamp Act congress (intercolonial congress) that says parliament does not have rights to tax Americans- Mob Reaction! (demolish Andrew Oliver's house - stamp collector)- Franklin in London to represent colonial interests TERM 22 Townshend Duties (1767) DEFINITION 22 Passed to raise revenues for governors loyal to Britain to keep them loyal and able to enforce British laws. Also contained the Revenue Act. Precursor to the Boston Massacre.- No taxation without representation TERM 23 Tea Act (1773) DEFINITION 23 East India Trading Company ships tea directly to America which makes the tea very cheap. Appears that British put India over America. This act also funded the royal governors. TERM 24 Coercive Act (1774) DEFINITION 24 In response to the violence enacted after the Tea Act by the colonists. Punishment for the Tea party. Changed parts of the Massachusetts government. Last straw before the revolution. TERM 25 George Grenville DEFINITION 25 Prime Minister of Britain who helped create the Stamp Act. TERM 26 Francis Bernard DEFINITION 26 Governor of Massachusetts. TERM 27 Charles Townshend DEFINITION 27 British politician who helped pass the Townshend acts. TERM 28 John Dickinson DEFINITION 28 Disagreed with Joseph Galloway's response to the Stamp Act how America is very important to Britain. Instead he says that they should allow America part of British power. TERM 29 Radicalism DEFINITION 29 Principles focused on altering social structures through revolutionary means. TERM 30 William Mackintosh DEFINITION 30 Radical actions in Boston. TERM 31 Christopher Seider DEFINITION 31 First American killed in the strife of the American Revolution. He was only eleven years old and his funeral was a major event. TERM 32 Boston Massacre DEFINITION 32 British soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six. TERM 33 Boston Tea Party DEFINITION 33 Americans disguised as Indians threw tea into the harbor to protest against the British. TERM 34 Common Sense DEFINITION 34 Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that inspired people in the colonies to declare independence. TERM 35 George Robert Twelves Hewes DEFINITION 35 Participant in the political protests in Boston in the onset of the American Revolution and one of the last survivors of the Boston Tea Party. He also fought in the Revolutionary war. TERM 46 1st Continental Congress DEFINITION 46 Formalized complaint against Britain. Established continental congress and overall goal was to boycott British goods. TERM 47 John Adams DEFINITION 47 Second president of the United States. TERM 48 Joseph Galloway DEFINITION 48 American politician who became a loyalist during the Revolution. Said that America was very important to Britain. TERM 49 Lexington and Concord DEFINITION 49 Where the first fighting of the revolution started. TERM 50 Battle of Bunker Hill DEFINITION 50 First technical battle of the war. British won but at a great cost. TERM 51 Declaration for the a Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms DEFINITION 51 Issued by the 2nd continental congress explaining why Americans were fighting (protect god given rights). TERM 52 2nd Continental Congress DEFINITION 52 Created the continental army and appointed George Washington as head. TERM 53 Richard Henry Lee DEFINITION 53 Best known for the motion calling for Independence in Great Britain during the 2nd continental congress. His "famous resolution" led to the declaration of independence. TERM 54 William Henry Drayton DEFINITION 54 Served as a delegate for South Carolina to the continental congress. TERM 55 Georgia Plan DEFINITION 55 One attempt to run a colony without slavery. Very big failure. The basis behind this ideal was that it proved the immorality behind slaveholders (they were seen as idle from having everything done for them - based on english ideas). TERM 56 Barillai Lew DEFINITION 56 Free African American who enlisted in the American army 3 times. Had 13 children and lived to be 78. It was seen as rare for someone to enlist 3 times but blacks saw it as a chance to fight for their freedom. TERM 57 James Madison DEFINITION 57 Fourth president of the United States. Father of the constitution. TERM 58 St. Andrew's Parish DEFINITION 58 An attempt of slaves rebelling in Georgia. 10 slaves rebel and kill their overseer and his wife. They marched to neighboring plantations but were captured and burned alive. Raised white anxiety about slave rebellions drastically. Started to question the unnaturalness of slavery. TERM 59 Lord Dunmore DEFINITION 59 Passed a proclamation in Virginia of 1775 that said he would offer freedom to slaves that fought for the British army. Because of this thousands of slaves fled behind British lines. TERM 60 Thomas Jeremiah DEFINITION 60 One of the few free slaves in South Carolina during the revolution. One of the richest people of African descent of the time. Was a slaveowner himself. TERM 71 Lord Cornwallis DEFINITION 71 British army officer and colonial administrator. He was forced to surrender in the siege of Yorktown. His surrender of British troops to George Washington was the last major conflict of the American Revolution. TERM 72 Rage Militaire DEFINITION 72 "Passion for arms". Immense patriotism triggered by the attack at Fort Sumter that sparked many men to enlist in the continental army. TERM 73 Citizen-Soldier DEFINITION 73 Not trained army men but instead farmers, laborers, etc. (Understood blind obedience to the cause?) TERM 74 Inoculation DEFINITION 74 Method for preventing smallpox by directly inducing small smallpox particles into the skin. TERM 75 Valley Forge DEFINITION 75 The sight of the military camp of American soldiers in Pennsylvania. Because of malnutrition, exposure, starvation, and disease it killed many American soldiers. TERM 76 Baron Von Steuben DEFINITION 76 He was the foreign aid to Prussia who was brought in by George Washington to train the American army. He would later be called the inspector general and completely reformed American troops. TERM 77 Marquis de Lafayette DEFINITION 77 French aristocrat and military officer who abandoned his post in France to fight for the American army. Extremely influential in bringing French interest to America. TERM 78 Committee of Secret Correspondence DEFINITION 78 Formed by the second continental congress that sought to bring french aid to America. They mainly tried to forge alliances with France and other countries. TERM 79 Model Treaty of 1776 DEFINITION 79 Idealistic guide for foreign relations and future treaties between America and other countries. It was basically a diplomatic statement. TERM 80 Count Vergennes DEFINITION 80 French statesmen and diplomat. Served as a foreign minister during the American Revolution and hoped to give aid to the American rebels. TERM 81 Yorktown DEFINITION 81 Decisive victory for American and French troops. Last major land battle of the Revolutionary War. This was when Cornwallis surrendered the British started to negotiate an end to the conflict. TERM 82 John Jay DEFINITION 82 American statesmen, signer of the treaty of Paris, and one of the founding fathers. First chief justice of the United States. Also served as president of the continental congress. TERM 83 Richard Oswald DEFINITION 83 Advisor to the British government on trade regulations with Americans. Best known as British peace commissioner who negotiated the peace of paris. TERM 84 Lord Shelbourne DEFINITION 84 Prime minister during the final months of the American Revolution. Succeeded with securing peace with the Americans. TERM 85 Treaty of Paris DEFINITION 85 The treaty that ended the Revolutionary War. Also known as the Peace of Paris.