RIZAL LIFE AND WORKRIZAL LIFE AND WORK, Slides of Accounting

Download RIZAL LIFE AND WORKRIZAL LIFE AND WORK and more Slides Accounting in PDF only on Docsity! LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL Objectives: The Development of F Consciouness and Nationalism Welcome to the second lesson on the course on the Life and Works of Jose Rizal. This lesson is about the development of Filipino nationalism. It discusses the historical context of the development of Filipino nationalism. It also provides a discussion on the events that have shaped or influenced it and its repercussion to the Spanish colonial regime and to the Filipinos The following are the learning outcomes we are expected to achieve at the end of the lesson: ¢ Discuss the development of the meaning or connotation of ‘Filipino’; ¢ Identify the factors that have led to the evolution of the Filipino consciousness; ¢ Discuss Filipino nationalism; ¢ Discuss the relevance and significance of the development of Filipino consciousness at present time e Analyze the factors and reasons which lead to the development of Filipino consciousness e Examine the role of Jose Rizal and other propagandists in the development of Filipino consciousness Activities/Exercises Accomplish the module execises. Watch a documentary about the development of Filipino consciousness and nationalism Manual Title X.X Module Title |. The concept of Nationalism and Filipino Nationalism Nationalism in its broadest sense is the ‘love’ of one’s country. It is a consciousness, a feeling or sentiment of belongingness to a particular community, group or race as a result of having a common or shared language, religion, tradition, and history and values system. It could manifest as the attitude of the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity and the actions that they take in order to attain or sustain self-determination or independence. Filipino nationalism is a product of social, economic and political changes during the 19th century. Before the 19th century there was no national consciousness hence, no Filipino nationalism. As historian Teodoro Agoncillo puts it, “Although united as united as one geographical unit called Las Islas Filipinas during the Spanish colonial rule, the people called Filipinos applied only to the Spaniards born in the Philippines (insulares), and the indigents were derogatorily called indios. The indios were not united in words and in deeds, as the Spanish church and state officials, mainly the friars, divided and ruled the natives. Thus, the “indios”, became “Filipino” only during the last years of Spanish regime. (Agocillo, 1990) ll. Events that have influenced the emergence/evolution of Filipino nationalism Filipino nationalism as many historians would say is a product of Spanish colonization and the struggle of the Filipinos to create their own identity. Before the coming and colonization of Spain, the Filipinos despite having a common Austronesian ancestry, were divided geographically, thus, there was no concept of a nation nor of Filipino race and identity. The Spaniards took advantage of this disunity and had successfully pacified them. They named these islands “Filipinas” in honor of King Philip of Spain, hence, a country was formed out of separate and sovereign islands of the archipelago. It was only at the last century of Spanish rule that Filipino consciousness emerged. The development of Filipino nationalism was a conglomeration of social, economic and political phenomena that happened in the world and in the Philippines. LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL Spanish authorities initiated a crackdown of those who have connections to the mutiny which enede up in the implication of the GOMBURZA. * The 1872 Cavite Mutiny is considered as the first workers’ strike (welga) in the Philippines and in Asia. 7. The Execution of GOMBURZA ¢ Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were prominent figures in the secularization movement. They were implicated as leaders of the Cavite Mutiny. To instill fear among Filipinos, they were publicly executed in February 07, 1872 in the Bagumbayan. Fathers Gomez and Zamora served as spiritual adviser of the soldiers and workers who joined the mutiny. Their execution was witnessed by many Filipinos and have left them a great feeling of indignation and injustice. They considered it as a way of Spanish authorities to silence the secularization movement. This has also fueled the hatred of Filipinos for the Spaniards which ignited nationalistic sentiments of the Filipinos. The execution of the GOMBURZA had also inspired the Propaganda movement and the Philippine revolution. 8. The Propaganda Movement (1880- 1892) ¢ Due to abuses of Spanish authorities and clergies and the curtailment of freedom of expression, Filipinos, specifically the Iustrados campaigned for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain by becoming a province of Spain so that the Filipinos and Spaniards will be equal and Filipinos will enjoy the liberties enjoyed by the Spaniards. ¢ The Ilustrados organized the Propaganda movement which exposed the condition of the Philippines under the Spanish rule and campaigned for reforms that the country needed. They also campaigned for representation to Spanish Cortes (legislature), freedom of the press, economic liberalization, secularization and equality before the law of Filipinos and Spaniards. ¢ The Propaganda movement expressed their campaigns in the La Solidaridad — the official newspaper of the movement. The Propagandists did not only expose the social conditions of the Philippines and ask for reforms but they also wrote about Philippine history, culture and identity. Manual Title X.X Module Title ¢ According to Zeus Salazar, one legacy of the Propaganda movement is the tripartite view of Philippine history. They propagated the idea that the Philippines, contrary to the accounts of the Spaniards, had a culture and civilization before the coming and colonization of Spain. © Reasons for the failure of the Propaganda movement: » Spain was too busy resolving her internal problems and the friars remained powerful and influential and thus no tangible reforms were implemented. »The Propaganda movement also suffered financial problems to continue its publication. > Internal conflicts arose among the members of the Propaganda movement caused by ‘petty jealousies’ (e.i. Rizal —del Pilar conflict). “Most of the members. ofthe Propaganda movement were conservative and lacked the courage and the vigorous hope necessary to continue an unequal struggle.” (Agoncillo, 1990) © Despite the failure of the Propaganda movement, it was successful in exposing the abuses and incompetence of Spanish authorities. It also served an eye-opener for the Filipinos’ common experience and struggle which became a catalyst for the emergence of Filipino consciousness and nationalism. ¢ The disbandment of Jose Rizal’s La Liga Filipina marked the end of the Propaganda movement. An unintentional effect of the failure of the Propaganda movement was founding of the Katipunan which aimed for freedom and independence through an armed struggle. Ill. Implications of Filipino Nationalism The development of Filipino consciousness and nationalism has fuelled the struggle of Filipinos for freedom and emancipation from Spain. Because of it Philippines became the first Asian country to wage a revolution and won its freedom from a European power. It has also shaped our national identity and our history as a nation. LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL References Abrera, Ma. Bernadette, et. al. 2005. Kasaysayan ng Bayan: Sampung Aralin sa Kasaysayang Pilipino.Pilipinas: ADHIKA ng Pilipinas at National Historical Institute Agoncillo, T.A. (1990) History of the Filipino People . Lungsod Quezon: Garotech Publishing. Constantino, Renato, A Past Revisited ( Vol. 1). Gripaldo, E.M. et. al. (2003) Kasaysayan ng Filipino at mga Institusyong Filipino. Lungsod Quezon: Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Schumacher, John SJ. 1996. The Making of a Nation. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press Salzar, Zeus A. 1983. A Legacy of the Propaganda: The Tripartite View of Philippine History. in Z. A. Salazar (Eds.) The Ethnic Dimension: Papers on Philippine Culture, History and Psychology. Cologne: Caritas Counselling Center for Filipinos, 1983, pp. 107-126 Internet sources: + http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/ * xiachua.net Manual Title