RN Pharmacology Study Notes: Correct Answers to Questions, Exams of Nursing

Download RN Pharmacology Study Notes: Correct Answers to Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers RN PHARMACOLOGY A RELIAS A SOLVED 100% GRADED A+ WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Quiz 6 1.) Potassium chloride 10 mEq intravenously has been ordered for a client whose potassium is 2.9 following diuretics. How will the nurse administer the potassium dose? A) Dilute the dose in a 50 ml IV rider and infused over 1 hour B) Push the dose as a rapid IV push because of the patient’s dangerously low potassium level RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) Push the dose slowly over 10 minutes D) Ask to give the dose in a large muscle since the intravenously route is too dangerous 2.) A client who has been taking Lisinopril (an ace inhibitor) for 2 weeks complains of a dry cough. How should the nurse respond to this complaint? A) The cough will subside within 5 to 7 days when the body becomes accustomed to the medicine. B) The cough is a sign of impending angioedema. The client should stop the medicine immediately. C) The cough is a result of immune suppression. The client should stop the medicine immediately D) The cough is a common side effect of prils. Sartans may be prescribed instead if it becomes intolerable 3.) A client is experiencing edema. Which over-the-counter medication might be reducing the diuretic effects of her lisinopril? A) St John’s Wort B) Glucosamine C) Vitamin C D) Ibuprofen 4.) A client, who has been seeing multiple doctors, reports that she is taking Lisinopril and another antihypertensive medication, the name of which she can’t recall. What type of antihypertensive is contraindicated when people are taking ACE inhibitors due to risk of compound effects? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) The patch should be replaced, not removed at bedtime D) You should follow this advice for any patch medications you use. 12.) A client with stable angina as starting treatment with nifedipine a calcium channel blocker. The client’s spouse asks how nifedipine alleviates chest pain. How should the nurse respond? A) “They reduce platelet aggregation.” B) “They reducing the work of the heart by reducing aortic pressure (afterload).” C) “They increase the heart rate and contractility.” D) “They improve cardiac circulation through vasoconstriction.” 13.) The nurse is providing patient education to a patient who has just been given a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which statement by the client would indicate a need for additional teaching? A) “I should take the nitro every 2 to 3 minutes until my pain goes away.” B) “I should take one tablet every 5 minutes, up to a total of three tablets if needed.” C) “I should store my nitroglycerin in its original dark bottle to protect it from light.” D) “I should keep the bottle of nitro tightly closed to protect the tablets.” 14.) A client presents to the emergency department with chest pain. On a scale of 1:10 he rates the pain as a 6. His respiratory rate is 22. His blood pressure is 156/92. His heart rate is 110. He is afebrile. What other information should the nurse obtain before administering nitroglycerin? A) Has the patient experienced any dizziness or nausea within the last two weeks? B) Has the patient used any alcohol or drugs for erectile dysfunction recently? C) Has the patient taken any drugs within the past 12 hours? D) Has the patient had a previous heart attack? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 15.) A client is being discharged to his home on enoxaparin (Lovenox) injections for treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following statements made by the client indicates a need for further discharge teaching by the nurse? A) “I will inject the enoxaparin into the fatty tissue of my abdomen.” B) “I hate needles, but I know enoxaparin doesn’t come in pill form.” C) “I will need to go to my doctor’s office each day to have my enoxaparin blood drawn." D) “I will call my physician if I pass black tarry stools or pink urine.” 16.) A client is brought to the emergency department for accidental warfarin (Coumadin) overdose. The nurse determines that the client has no apparent signs of bleeding. Which action should the nurse take next? A) Obtain a stat PTT level. B) Administer protamine sulfate. C) Type and cross-match the patient’s blood. D) Draw a stat blood level for PT or INR. 17.) In which of the following situations should the nurse prepare to administer of protamine sulfate? A) A patient on warfarin with an INR of 4 and tarry stools B) A patient on warfarin with a PT of 12 seconds and bleeding from a laceration C) A patient on a heparin drip with a PTT >120 seconds and active GI bleeding D) A patient on a heparin drip with a PTT of 60 seconds and pink-tinged urine 18.) A client is starting sildenafil (Viagra) for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Which of these medications could cause a serious reaction if they are taken with sildenafil? A) nitroglycerin, an antianginal RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B) clopidigrel, and antiplatelet C) simvastatin, an antilipemic D) CoEnzyme Q, an herbal remedy E) doxazosin, an alpha blocker Table for Individual Question Feedback 19.) Atenolol (Tenormin) has been prescribed for a client who is recovering from a recent heart attack. The nurse would consult the provider before giving the medicine in which of these situations? (Select all that apply.) A) Pulse 52 B) BP 108/86 C) Respirations 32 with wheezes D) Blood glucose 50 E) Tension headache F) Parkinsonian tremors 20.) A client presents in the clinic with concerns of having taken his dabigitran (Pradaxa) twice this morning. Realizing that this is a new oral anticoagulant (NOAC), what should the nurse do next? (Select all that apply.) A) Seek advice from the physician B) Ask the client to share how the overdose happened C) Have the client eat a spinach salad D) Have the lab check a stat INR E) Calm the client by explaining that the medication has a 12 hour half life F) Assess for signs of active bleeding RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) “The antacid should be taken 15 minutes before the ranitidine.” D) “Both medications should be taken on a full stomach.” RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 6.) The nurse is preparing to give medications to a client taking sucralfate (Carafate) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro). The drugs are ordered for 0900. In what manner should the nurse proceed to administer the drugs? A) The nurse should administer the drugs with a full glass of water. B) The nurse should ask the prescriber to stagger the medication times. C) The nurse should administer the two drugs at same time with food. D) The nurse should administer the ciprofloxacin 15 minutes before the sucralfate. 7.) The nurse who is caring for a post-operative client administers Compazine, a phenothiazine (related to Thorazine). What side effects should the nurse watch for, given this classification? A) Extrapyramidal symptoms B) Hyper-vigilance C) Hiccups D) Drooling 8.) For patients who don’t require PPIs or H2 inhibitors, antacids should be taken A) Routinely before meals B) Routinely after meals C) Whenever heartburn occurs (prn) qid D) At bedtime only RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 9.) When teaching a client with renal insufficiency how to manage constipation, what teaching point should the nurse convey about laxatives? A) Laxatives containing magnesium are the best remedy for renal patients B) Laxatives should only be given after suppositories or enemas have failed C) Laxatives are an unavoidable fact of life for people over the age of 80 D) Laxatives can be habit forming if taken repeatedly 10.) Which of these teaching points about gastro-esophageal reflux would be helpful to a client with reflux? A) Proton pump inhibitors like Protonix should be taken with every meal B) Reflux is triggered by carbonated beverages C) People who experience reflux at night should eat cheese and crackers before retiring D) Alcohol is a good remedy for reflux because it neutralizes acid 11.) The ventrogluteal site is recommended when intramuscular opiates are ordered to treat abdominal pain. What are the Landmarks for the ventrogluteal site? A) Palm over trochanter, fingertips over anterior & superior ileac crests B) Two finger breadths below the acromium process C) Two inches above or below the umbillicus D) The right lower quadrant of the buttocks RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) Infliximab (Remicade) D) Anakinra (Kineret) 16.) A pregnant client is suffering from acid indigestion. The nurse would question giving which of these medicines for epigastric distress to a woman who was pregnant? A) misoprostol (Cytotec) B) metoclopramide (Reglan) C) calcium carbonate (TUMS) D) magnesium calcium combinations (Rolaids) 17.) An asthmatic client comes into the emergency room with rapid pulse, rapid respirations, minimal breath sounds in the bases. Which of these therapies should the nurse anticipate, and have available, pending providers order A) Duoneb (albuterol and ipratropium) via nebulizer B) methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) Intravenous C) oxygen D) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) by mouth E) Codeine syrup to suppress cough 18.) A client has been prescribed Librax (chlordiazepoxide and clidinium), an anticholinergic benzodiazepine, for irritable bowel syndrome. Which of these conditions would constitute a contraindication for Librax? A) History of substance abuse B) Glaucoma RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) Attention deficit disorder D) History of migraines E) History of anemia 19.) A spouse of a hospice client wants to know why the sublingual dose of morphine is so much lower than the MS Contin dose that was given orally, and the IM injection dose that was given in the hospital. How should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply) A) The oral dose was a slow delivery dose. Sublingual is rapid, and given more often B) He is losing consciousness, so his need for pain control is less C) The MS Contin was partly metabolized in the liver before it started working D) Sublingual medications enter the bloodstream more quickly than IM doses E) This must be a mistake. He should need more pain control, not less. 20.) A client who is taking Haldol, Aricept, Colace, TUMs and Ampicillin is having loose stools. Which of these may be contributing to the diarrhea? A) Ampicillin B) Haldol (haloperidol) C) Aricept (donepezil) D) Colace (docusate) E) TUMs (calcium carbonate) Correct Answers: RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A, B, C 18. A, B 19. A, C, D 20. A, C, D Mixed Review Questions from Previous Open Book Quizzes (Quizzes 2, 3, 4, 5) 1.) When metronidazole (Flagyl) is a component of the H. pylori treatment regimen, what instructions should the client receive? A) Avoid foods containing tyramine. B) Take the drug with food. C) Take the drug on an empty stomach. D) Avoid any alcoholic beverages. 2.) What advice should the nurse offer a client who is being started on a significant amount of Prednisone? Select all that apply. A) Consult your doctor if nausea prevents you from taking this drug. Don’t stop it abruptly * B) Take the medication on an empty stomach. This will help assure full absorption C) Snack often on simple starches and comfort foods. This will help you avoid hypoglycemia RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) “Proceed with the injection. Drawing the solution into the syringe will mix the particles.” D) “Lispro is always cloudy. Proceed with the injection.” 7.) A client with type I diabetes who takes insulin reports taking propranolol for hypertension. Why would this cause the nurse to be concerned? A) the beta blocker can cause insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. B) using the two agents together increases the risk of ketoacidosis. C) propranolol increases insulin requirements because of receptor blocking. D) the beta blocker can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia. 8.) The nurse manages care for a client with diabetes who takes metformin (Glucophage). Which laboratory result would cause the nurse to question the prescription? A) Elevated creatinine B) Decreased hemoglobin C) Decreased platelets D) Increased iron 9.) The nurse is providing client education after laboratory findings reveal am elevated thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH). How would the nurse best explain the implications of the laboratory finding to the client? A) “Hypothyroidism causes a decrease in TSH.” B) “The test probably is erroneous, because you don’t have a goiter.” C) “TSH is not a good screening test for thyroid disease.” D) “The low TSH is consistent with hyperthyroidism.” 10.) A steroid dependent client has a blood glucose level of 249 mg/dL. Her blood pressure is 178/99 and she is complaining of muscle aches and weakness. Her face RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers appears very round and puffy.” What would the nurse suspect? What type of advocacy does the client need? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A) Advocacy for a TSH level is needed because these symptoms indicate Graves’ disease B) Advocacy for fludrocortisone is needed because these symptoms are consistent with Addison’s disease C) Diuretics and glucose control may be needed. Cushing’s syndrome presents this way D) Diabetic ketoacidosis is causing the clients sodium pump to shut down. An IV insulin drip is needed. 11.) A client being followed for latent tuberculosis has been on isoniazid therapy for 2 months. The nurse notes that the liver function test results have become grossly abnormal during that interval. What should the nurse do? A) Continue the drug unless jaundice, nausea, or itching develops. B) Continue the drug and have liver function tests repeated weekly. C) Hold the medication, and seek an alternative medication from the prescriber. D) Stop the drug and restart it when liver function returns to normal. 12.) A client, who is taking rifampin, telephones the nurse to say, “My urine and saliva have looked orange-red for the past 2 days.” Select the nurse’s best response. A) “This is consistent with an allergic response, and the drug should be stopped.” B) “Continue the drug for another week to see if the color returns to normal.” C) “Stop the drug, because it is likely that hepatitis has developed.” D) “This is a normal effect of the drug and is harmless.” 13.) A client with persistent pain due to cancer is brought to the emergency department by his spouse. Upon assessment, the nurse notes pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. The nurse should immediately prepare for administration of which medication? A) Naloxone (Narcan) RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 17.) A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client whose family reports that she had taken an overdose of diazepam. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available to reverse the CNS depression caused by this drug? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A) Ondasteron (Zofran) B) Magnesium sulfate C) Flumazanil (Romazicon) D) Protamine sulfate 18.) A nurse is reviewing a client’s list of medications and notices that he is taking two anticholinergics. Which of his recent symptoms could be caused by his anticholinergic medications? (Select all that apply) A) Epigastric distress B) Tachycardia C) Dry mouth D) Frequent loose stools E) Blurred vision 19.) A client is using a prn scopolamine patch for motion sickness. Knowing that the medication has anticholinergic side effects, the client should be taught to anticipate which side effects? (Select all that apply!) A) Urine retention B) Blurred vision C) Dry mouth D) Diarrhea E) Wheezes 20.) A nurse recognizes that the actions of benzodiazepines include which of the following benefits? (Select all that apply.) A) Sleep facilitation B) Relief of general anxiety RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C) Suppr ssion of seizures and/or seizure activity RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 1.) A patient tells the nurse that he has started to take an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine, diphenhydramine (Benadryl). In teaching about side effects, what is most important for the nurse to tell the patient? A. Do not to take this drug at bedtime to avoid insomnia. B. Avoid driving a motor vehicle until stabilized on the drug. C. Nightmares and nervousness are more likely in an adult. D. Medication may cause him to have excessive secretions. 2.) A patient complains of a sore throat and has been told it is due to beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. The nurse anticipates that the patient has which acute condition? A. Rhinitis B. Sinusitis C. Pharyngitis D. Rhinorrhea 3.) A patient is prescribed the decongestant oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray. What will the nurse teach the patient? A. Take this drug at bedtime because it may cause drowsiness. B. Directly spray the medication away from the nasal septum, and gently sniff. C. This drug may be used in maintenance treatment for asthma. D. Limit use of the drug to 5 to 7 days to prevent rebound nasal congestion. 4.) A patient has been prescribed guaifenesin (Robitussin). The nurse understands that the purpose of the drug is to accomplish what? A. Treat allergic rhinitis and prevent motion sickness. B. Loosen bronchial secretions so coughing can eliminate them. C. Compete with histamine for receptor sites, thus preventing a histamine response. D. Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, thus producing vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa. 5.) Beclomethasone (Beconase) has been prescribed for a patient with allergic rhinitis. What should the nurse teach the patient regarding this medication? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A. This may be used for an acute attack. B. An oral form is available if the patient prefers to use it. C. Avoid large amounts of caffeine intake because an increased heart rate may occur. D. With continuous use, dryness of the nasal mucosa/lining may occur. 6.) The nurse is teaching a patient about diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Which instructions should the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan? (Select all that apply.) A. Take medication on an empty stomach to facilitate absorption. B. Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants. C. Notify the health care provider if confusion or hypotension occurs. D. Use sugarless candy, gum, or ice chips for temporary relief of dry mouth. E. Avoid handling dangerous equipment or performing dangerous activities until stabilized on the medication. Correct Answers: 1.) B 2.) C 3.) D 4.) B 5.) D 6.) B, C, D, E Respiratory 1.) An Advair Diskus, fluticasone propionate (Flonase) and salmeterol (Serevent) 100 mcg/50 mcg, is ordered for a patient with COPD. What does the nurse know about this medication? (Select all that apply.) A. It can be used to treat an acute attack. B. It is delivered as a dry powdered inhaler. RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C. It contains a beta1 agonist and Cromolyn. RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B. Decrease serum digoxin sensitivity level C. Have no effect on serum digoxin sensitivity level D. Cause a low average serum digoxin sensitivity level 5.) A patient takes an initial dose of a nitrate. Which symptom(s) will the nurse expect to occur? A. Nausea and vomiting B. Headaches C. Stomach cramps D. Irregular pulse rate 6.) A patient is prescribed a beta blocker. The nurse acknowledges that beta blockers are as effective as antianginals because they do what? A. Increase oxygen to the systemic circulation B. Maintain heart rate and blood pressure C. Decrease heart rate and decrease myocardial contractility D. Decrease heart rate and increase myocardial contractility 7.) The health care provider is planning to discontinue a patient's beta blocker. Which instruction will the nurse give the patient regarding the beta blocker? A. The beta blocker should be abruptly stopped when another cardiac drug is prescribed. B. The beta blocker should not be abruptly stopped; the dose should be tapered down. C. The beta blocker dose should be maintained while taking another antianginal drug. D. Half the beta blocker dose should be taken for the next several weeks. 8.) The beta blocker acebutolol (Sectral) is prescribed for dysrhythmias. The nurse knows that what is the primary purpose of the drug? A. Increase beta1 and beta2 receptors in cardiac tissues B. Increase the flow of oxygen to cardiac tissues RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers C. Block beta1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac tissues D. Block beta2-adrenergic receptors in cardiac tissues RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 9.) A patient who has angina is prescribed nitroglycerin. Which are appropriate nursing interventions for nitroglycerin? (Select all that apply.) A. Have patient sit or lie down when taking a nitroglycerin sublingual tablet. B. Teach patient who has taken a tablet to call 911 in 5 minutes if chest pain persists. C. Apply Transderm-Nitro patch to a hairy area to protect skin from burning. D. Call the health care provider after taking five tablets if chest pain persists. E. Warn patient against ingesting alcohol while taking nitroglycerin. Correct Answers: 1.) B 2.) A 3.) D 4.) A 5.) B 6.) C 7.) B 8.) C 9.) A, B, E Cardiac 1.) A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 50 mg/day and digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day. The nurse plans to monitor the patient for which potential electrolyte imbalance? A. Hypocalcemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypermagnesemia 2.) The nurse knows that which statement is correct regarding nursing care of a patient receiving hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor patient for signs of hypoglycemia. B. Administer ordered potassium supplements. RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers D. To increa e glucose level 7.) The patient has been receiving spironolactone (Aldactone) 50 mg/day for heart failure. The nurse should closely monitor the patient for which condition? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypoglycemia D. Hypermagnesemia Correct Answers: 1.) B 2.) B, C, D, E 3.) B 4.) A 5.) B 6.) B 7.) B 1.) A patient's blood pressure (BP) is 130/84. The health care provider plans to suggest nonpharmacologic methods for the patient. Which should the nurse include in teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Stress-reduction techniques B. Starting an exercise program C. Salt restriction D. Smoking cessation E. Diet with increased protein 2.) A patient has developed mild hypertension. The nurse acknowledges that the first- line drug for treating this patient's blood pressure might be which drug? A. Diuretic B. Alpha blocker C. ACE inhibitor D. Alpha/beta blocker 3.) An African-American patient has developed hypertension. The nurse is aware that which group(s) of antihypertensive drugs are less effective in African-American patients? A. Diuretics RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B. Calcium channel blockers and vasodilators RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B. vitamin K1 (M phyton) C. aminocaproic acid (Amicar) RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers D. potassium chloride (KCl) 3.) A patient is prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox). The nurse knows that low–molecular- weight heparin has what kind of half-life? A. A longer half-life than heparin B. A shorter half-life than heparin C. The same half-life as heparin D. A four times shorter half-life than heparin 4.) The nurse is teaching a patient about clopidogrel (Plavix). Which information will the nurse include in the patient's teaching plan? A. Constipation may occur. B. Hypotension may occur. C. Bleeding may increase when taken with aspirin. D. Normal dose is 25 mg tablet per day. 5.) A patient had an orthopedic surgery and is prescribed dalteparin (Fragmin). What would the nurse teach the patient and/or family about this low–molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) before discharge? A. How to administer the medication intramuscularly B. PT and INR monitoring will be done weekly. C. Avoidance of green leafy vegetables is recommended. D. Watch for bleeding or excessive bruising. 6.) A patient is being changed from an injectable anticoagulant to an oral anticoagulant. Which anticoagulant does the nurse realize is administered orally? A. enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox) B. warfarin (Coumadin) C. bivalirudin (Angiomax) D. lepirudin (Refludan) 7.) A patient is taking warfarin 5 mg/day for atrial fibrillation. The patient's international normalized ratio (INR) is 3.8. The nurse would consider the INR to be what? RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A. Within normal range B. Elevated range C. Low range D. Low-average range 8.) Cilostazol (Pletal) is being prescribed for a patient with coronary artery disease. The nurse understands that which is the major purpose for antiplatelet drug therapy? A. Dissolve the blood clot B. Decrease tissue necrosis C. Inhibit hepatic synthesis of vitamin K D. Suppress platelet aggregation 9.) A patient is to undergo a coronary angioplasty. The nurse acknowledges that which drug is used primarily for preventing reocclusion of coronary arteries following coronary angioplasty? A. clopidogrel (Plavix) B. abciximab (ReoPro) C. warfarin (Coumadin) D. cilostazol (Pletal) 10.) A patient is admitted to the emergency department with an acute myocardial infarction. Which drug does the nurse anticipate the health care provider to order for prevention of tissue necrosis following blood clot blockage in a coronary artery? A. heparin sodium B. clopidogrel (Plavix) C. alteplase (rPA, Activase) D. aminocaproic acid (Amicar) Correct Answers: 1.) RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers D. Increased HDL level RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 5.) A patient is taking lovastatin (Mevacor). Which serum level is most important for the nurse to monitor? A. Blood urea nitrogen B. blood count C. Cardiac enzymes D. Liver enzymes 6.) For what severe skeletal muscle adverse reaction should the nurse observe in a patient taking rosuvastatin (Crestor)? A. Myasthenia gravis B. Rhabdomyolysis C. Dyskinesia D. Agranulocytosis 7.) A patient is taking ezetimibe (Zetia) and asks the nurse how it works. The nurse should explain that ezetimibe does what? A. Inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol in the intestines. B. Binds with bile acids in the intestines to reduce LDL levels. C. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, which is necessary for cholesterol production in the liver. D. Forms insoluble complexes and reduces circulating cholesterol in the blood. 8.) A patient is diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. He is prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental). What does the nurse realize are the effects of pentoxifylline? (Select all that apply.) A. May lead to hypertension and bradycardia B. Improves microcirculation and tissue perfusion C. Decreases blood viscosity and improves flexibility of erythrocytes D. Alleviates intermittent claudication E. Commonly causes an adverse effect of rhabdomyolysis F. Allows vasodilation of arteries in skeletal muscles RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers Correct Answers: 1.) C 2.) A 3.) A 4.) B 5.) D 6.) B 7.) A 8.) B, C Gastrointestinal 1.) A patient complains of constipation and requires a laxative. In providing teaching for this patient, the nurse reviews the common causes of constipation, including which cause? A. Motion sickness B. Poor dietary habits C. Food intolerance D. Bacteria (Escherichia coli) 2.) A patient with nausea is taking ondansetron (Zofran). She asks the nurse how this drug works. The nurse is aware that this medication has which action? A. Enhances histamine1 receptor sites B. Blocks serotonin receptors in the CTZ C. Blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ D. Stimulates anticholinergic receptor sites 3.) A patient who has constipation is prescribed a bisacodyl (Dulcolax) suppository. Which explanation will the nurse use to explain the action of bisacodyl? A. Acts on smooth intestinal muscle to gently increase peristalsis B. Absorbs water into the intestines to increase bulk and peristalsis C. Lowers surface tension and increases water accumulation in the intestines D. Pulls salts into the colon and increases water in the feces to increase bulk 4.) A patient is using scopolamine (Transderm-Scōp) to prevent motion sickness. About RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A. Helicobacter pylori RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B. Hyposecretion of pepsin C. Decreased hydrochloric acid D. Escherichia coli 2.) A student nurse is preparing to administer sucralfate (Carafate) to a patient. Which statement by the student nurse demonstrates understanding of sucralfate's mode of action? A. “Sucralfate neutralizes gastric acidity.” B. “Gastric acid secretion is decreased by inhibiting histamine at H2 receptors in parietal cells.” C. “Gastric acid secretion is suppressed by inhibiting the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme.” D. “Sucralfate combines with protein to form a viscous substance that forms a protective covering of ulcer.” 3.) A patient is taking ranitidine (Zantac). What information should the nurse teach the patient about this drug? (Select all that apply.) A. Drug-induced impotence is irreversible. B. The drug must be administered 30 minutes before meals. C. The drug must be administered separately from an antacid by at least 1 hour. . The drug must always be administered with magnesium hydroxide. E. Smoking should be avoided while taking this drug. F. Foods high in vitamin B12 should be increased in diet. 4.) When a patient complains of pain accompanying a peptic ulcer, why should the nurse give an antacid? A. Antacids decrease GI motility. B. Antacids decrease gastric acid secretion. C. Antacids strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter's action. D. Antacids neutralize HCl and reduce pepsin activity. 5.) A patient is taking famotidine (Pepcid) to inhibit gastric secretions. Which side effects of famotidine will the nurse teach the patient? (Select all that apply.) RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers A. Diarrhea B. Dizziness RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers B. Prepare epinephrine and atropine for intravenous administration. C. Initiate CPR. D. Closely observe the patient and the cardiac monitor. RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers 6.) A patient on the medical-surgical unit has suffered an acute anaphylactic reaction during infusion of an IV antibiotic with hives and bronchospasm. The nurse practitioner has written a number of stat medication orders. What is the priority medication to administer first? A. steroid dose pack B. dopamine C. epinephrine D. diphenhydramine 7.) The nurse receives a stat order to administer 50% dextrose solution intravenously to a 1-year-old child with hypoglycemia. How should this medication best be prepared for safe administration to the child? A. Use a filter needle. B. Draw the medication into a tuberculin syringe. C. Dilute 1:1 with sterile water to produce dextrose 25%. D. Shake the solution vigorously before injection. 8.) A 51-year-old woman has been reportedly taking Xanax for a severe anxiety disorder following her mother's death. She was brought into the emergency department because she became unresponsive while at work in an insurance office. Knowing her history, what should the nurse anticipate administering? A. mannitol B. naloxone C. activated charcoal D. flumazenil 9.) A 25-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department after a successful prehospital resuscitation from cardiac arrest owing to an asthma attack. On arrival, her pulse oximeter reading is 85%. Given her condition, what is the most important initial medication to administer as ordered? A. epinephrine B. sodium bicarbonate C. albuterol RN Pharmacology A Relias A 100% Solved &Correct Answers D. oxygen