Download Roots Stems and Leaves - Fundamentals of Botany - Lecture Slides and more Slides Botany and Agronomy in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Chapter 4 โ Roots, stems & leaves What are the primary functions of roots? Root growth patterns Taproots โ Dicots Fibrous roots โ Monocots Root structure Dicot root, l.s. Root cap Root cap function How might a plant biologist determine the function of a particular plant structure? Docsity.com 2 Zone of maturation Root hairs and absorption Monocot root, c.s. Dicot root, c.s. Phloem Xylem Endodermis Docsity.com 5 Specialized root functions Storage roots Propagative roots Suckers Pneumatophores Cypress pneumatophores, Black River, NC Aerial roots, climbing Docsity.com 6 Aerial roots (poison ivy) Epiphytes โ aerial roots Aerial roots, epiphytes Orchids Aerial roots โ velamen (orchids) Aerial roots - prop roots Prop roots, corn Docsity.com 7 Prop roots Prop roots โ Mangrove swamp Buttress roots Contractile roots Parasitic roots - haustoria Mistletoe Striga haustoria Docsity.com 10 Valerian extract, derived from the dried rhizomes and roots of the plant, has been used for thousands of years as a folk remedy, tranquilizer and calmative for several disorders such as restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, hysteria, menstrual problems, and as a sedative for "nervous" stomach. Valerian extracts are currently used in scores of compounds and teas in Europe. Valeriana officinalis Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Rotenone comes from Derris root and Lonchocarpus species leaf (Family: Leguminosae) It is an insecticide and also used as a fish poison. Rotenone disrupts cellular respiration and death is relatively slow compared to most nerve toxins. Rotenone is extremely toxic to fish and is used as a fish poison by South American Indians and in water management programs. Roots & erosion Phytoremediation Docsity.com 11 Roots & agriculture Root nematodes Root nematodes -disrupts the uptake of nutrients and water -interferes with plant growth -vector for viruses Root nematodes Root nematode damage Root nematode damage Root nematodes reduce crop productivity Docsity.com 12 Root nematode research Baum lab โ Iowa State Eric Davis - NCSU Root nodules are root modifications for the purpose of 1. Storage of starch 2. Nitrogen fixation 3. Asexual reproduction of the plant 4. Absorbing moisture from the air 5. Providing roots with oxygen in watery habitats Epiphytic plants typically possess 1. Propagative roots 2. Pneumatophores 3. Prop roots 4. Aerial roots 5. Haustoria Haustoria are structures associated with 1. Ectomyccorhizae 2. Endomycchorhizae 3. Parasitic roots 4. Buttress roots 5. Both A and B The shoot system: stems Stem growth & the shoot apical meristem Docsity.com
