ROTC FINALS REVIEWER, Cheat Sheet of Legal English

Download ROTC FINALS REVIEWER and more Cheat Sheet Legal English in PDF only on Docsity! ROTC REVIEWER ORDINANCE AND GUNNERY 1. ORDNANCE- comprises the physical equipment pertaining to weapon, classified as explosive ordnance and inert ordnance. 2. GUNNERY- the art and science of using guns to include the operation and control of all elements of armaments. 3. BALLISTICS- the science of projectile’s motion classified as; Interior Ballistics and Exterior Ballistics. 4. FIRE CONTROL- -the practical application of exterior ballistics and the methods and devices used to control the guns and other weapons. 5. CALIBER OR GUN- the diameter of the bore measured between the top of the lands and its expressed in inches or millimeters. 6. MOUNT- support and secure the gun to the ship's structure and provides for the train and elevation. 7. TRAIN- the position of the axis of the gun bore in azimuth as measured from the ship's centerline. 8. ELEVATION- the angle that the gun bore axis makes with the deck measured in a plane perpendicular to the deck. 9. RECOIL- the force tending to push the gun to the rear as the projectile is discharged. It is the gun's reaction to firing. 10. COUNTER RECOIL- the forward movement of the gun after recoil which return the gun into battery or original position. 11. IN BATTERY- gun is said to be in battery when the gun is in its firing position. A gun moves out of battery during recoil and returns to battery during counter recoil. 12. AUTOMATIC GUN- guns in which some of the energy of explosion of the propellants is used to open the breech, eject the empty case and automatically load another round. 13. SEMI-AUTOMATIC GUNS- -guns in which some of the energy of the explosion of the propellants is use to open the breech, eject the empty case, and automatically closed the breech when another round is loaded either by hand or by auxiliary equipment. 14. NON-AUTOMATIC GUNS- guns in which none of the energy of the explosion of the propellant is used to perform breech opening or loading and unloading functions. 15. AXIS OF THE GUN BORE- a straight line passing through the center of the gun bore. GUN AMMUNITION RECOGNITION 1. GUN AMMUNITION- are those ammunition used in guns COMPONENTS: • PROJECTILE - contains the buster charge, fuse and/or tracer. • PROPELLING CHARGES - explosives that propels the projectile out of the gun bore. • PRIMER- initiates the burning of the propelling charges. TYPES OF NAVAL GUNS 1. 40MM AA GUN - is a single or automatic firing (rapid firing), recoil operated gun designed for action against dive bombing aircraft or low flying aerial targets but maybe used against surface targets. 2. 20MM AA GUN - is a single or twin barrel, pedestal mounted, automatic firing, magazine- fed gun designed for action against low-flying aerial torpedo attack aircraft but can also be used against surface targets. 3. 3"/50 GUN - is a pedestal mounted, single or semi automatic firing, dual-purpose gun designed for action against surface and air targets. 4. .50 BMG CARTRIDGE - is used in long-range target and sniper rifles, as well as other .50 caliber machine guns. DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM 1. DAMAGE CONTROL- procedure that helps reduce the harmful effects of impairment to the ship. 2. FIRE MAIN SYSTEM- made up of piping , pumps, plugs, valves and controls designed to supply plenty of water for fighting. 3. FUEL FRESH WATER SYSTEM- Consists of tanks, filling lines and feed lines. This is important in damage control because the list and trim of the ship can be partially controlled by shifting contents of the tanks. THREE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM: • MAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEM – High capacity and is made up of piping and pumps that can move large quantities of water in short time. • SECONDARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM – Serves to drain small compartment forward and aft of the time drainage system. • MAIN CONDENSER CIRCULATORY PUMPS – Can be used for emergency drainage of the engine room. WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY 1. BULKHEAD- a trtraverse or longitudinal partition that separate the compartment. • WATERTIGHT BULKHEAD- Heavier metal than ordinary bulkhead. Some area unpierced except with watertight door or piping and wiring. • COLLISION BULKHEAD- Designed to protect flooding through the ship. 2. DOORS - They are constructed such they will be as structurally strong as the bulkhead where they are installed. • WATERTIGHT DOORS- Used in watertight bulkhead on second deck and below. • NON-WATERTIGHT DOORS- Usually they have fewer dogs than watertight doors and are made of dogs which require individual protection. 3. HATCHES - are merely horizontal doors which are used for access through decks. CLOSURE FITTING AND GASKETS 1. GASKET- Made of rubber installed on doors and hatches. 2. KNIFE EDGES - Built out from decks and bulkheads. 3. DOGS- are used to make closure. 8. LATITUDE -the angular distance between the position and the equator measured northward or southward from the equator along a meridian and labeled as appropriate N or S. 9. LONGITUDE - the angular distance between the position and the prime meridian measured either eastward or westward from the prime meridian along the area of the equator to the meridian of the position in degrees from 0 - 180 deg and labeled E or W. 10. DIRECTION - angular inclination of that line to the meridian measured right or counterclockwise from the north point of the meridian and expressed in three digits. 11. COURSE - as applied to marine navigation, is the intended direction of travel of a ship through the water. 12. HEADING - the direction in which the ship point or heads at a given time. 13. BEARING - the direction of a terrestrial object from the observer; azimuth as applied to the celestial bodies. 14. SPEED - the velocity of travel and is expressed in knots. One (1) equals 6,080.2 feet per hour. One (1) minute of angular measurement in great circle for navigation purpose, is also equals to 2,000 yards. AIDS TO NAVIGATION - any device external to a vessel or aircraft intended to assist a navigator. To determine his position or safe course or to warn him from danger or obstruction to navigation to a vessel or aircraft intended to assist a navigator to determine nis position or safe course or to warn him from danger or obstruction to navigation. 1. CAN BUOY - built up of steel plates having the shape of a tin cylinder used to mark left side of the channel from seaward. 2. NUN BUOY - built up of steel plates, the above water portion having the shape of truncated cone, cone in shape used to mark right side of the channel from seaward 3. Bell Buoy - steel floats with a flat top on which a framework containing a bell is mounted. Most bell buoys are sounded by the motion of the sea and struck by compressed gasses or electrically operated hammer. 4. SPAR BUOY - slightly tapering pole or spar frequently used to mark the side of the channel. May replace the nun or can buoys 5. GONG BUOY - is similar in construction to bell buoy but has four (4) gongs each of different tones. 6. WHISTLE BUOY - provides a sound signal which is useful at night and also during fog and low visibility; cone in shape with a whistle, sounded by the motion of the sea 7. LIGHTED BUOY - having batteries or gas tanks. Framework supports the light. A metal float on which is mounted a short skeleton tower. 8. COMBINATION BUOY - lights and sound signals are combined, such as lighted bell buoys, lighted gong buoys and a lighted whistle buoy. 9. RADAR REFLECTED BUOY - radar reflectors which return a strong echo to the radar screen are fitted on many buoys of all types. LIGHTHOUSES - it is a man-made permanent fixture having a light of certain characteristics and is usually watched. LIGHTED BEACONS - similar to lighthouses and generally unwatched CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTS: a. Fixed light (F) - continuous steady light. b. Flashing Light - shows a single flash at regular intervals, the duration of light always shorter than the duration of darkness not more than 30 flashes per minute. c. Group Flashing (GP FL) - shows groups of two or more flashes at regular intervals. d. Quick flashing (QK FL) shows not less than 60 flashes per minute. e. Interrupted Quick Flashing (I QK FL) - shows quick flashes for about 4 seconds followed by a dark period of about 4 seconds 4 seconds. f. Short Long Flashing (S L FL) - shows short flashes of about 0.4 second followed by a long flash of about 4 seconds in duration. g. Group Occulting (GP OCC) - a light with a group of 2 or more eclipse. STANDARD COLORS OF LIGHTS: White, Red, and Green BRILLIANCY - range of visibility. GYROCOMPASS- a non-magnetic type of compass. COMPASS- a device that always points towards magnetic north, used for recession. RADAR- It is used to determine the distance of the ship from land, other ships, or any floating object out at sea. ARPA- Automatic Radar Plotting Aid displays the position of a ship and other vessels nearby. The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course for the vessel b avoiding any kind of collision. ECHO SOUNDER- This instrument is used to measure the depth of the water below the ship's bottom using sound waves. MAGNETIC COMPASS- The magnetic compass works in conjunction with the magnetic field of the earth. It is used to get planned direction for the voyage. SHIP'S FLAG PENNANTS- Various types of ship flags with different colors and signs are used to indicate a ship's position. Signal flags are they are commonly known, have been used since ancient times and are still used on all vessels. BAROMETER- an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. NAVAL ENGINEERING 1. SHIP PROPULSION ENGINE- engine that is used aboard ship that will enable the ship to move by rotating propelling device such as oars, paddle, wheels or propellers. 2. AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT- provides ship’s smooth operation and personnel safety and comfort aboard ship. a. Refrigeration plant- primarily used for food storage, water cooling, and ice making. b. Air conditioning equipment- installed on naval ships for certain spaces where personnel efficiency, health and safety operation of equipment , may be endangered by high temperatures or high humidity. c. Distilling plants- use to supply fresh water for shipboard uses and boiler feed water. d. Anchor windlass- a piece of deck machinery used primarily for paying out and heaving in an anchor chain. e. Capstan- spool shaped, vertically mounted drum use for heaving in heavy mooring line. f. Lube oil purifier – normally located in the engine room, use to for contaminated lube oil, water, sediments and impurities. g. Cranes- are used to raise a load, lower and move it in horizontal direction. Use for handling airplanes, boats, torpedoes, minesweeping gears, missiles, trucks and stores. h. Air compressor - driven by the electric motors commonly used for operating pneumatic tools, ejecting gas from ship’s gun, starting diesel engines, charging and firing torpedoes, operating gun counter recoil, providing pressures for the ship’s horn. STEERING GEAR TYPES: 1. ELECTROMECHANICAL STEERING GEAR- use extensively on small non-combatants ships. 2. ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC STEERING GEAR- use extensively on large combatants’ ships. TYPES OF AIR COMPRESSOR: 1. LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOR- has a discharge pressure of 150 psi or less. 2. MEDIUM PRESSURE COMPRESSOR- has a discharge pressure of 151 psi to 1000 psi. 3. HIGH-PRESSURE COMPRESSOR- has a discharge pressure of more than 1000 psi.