Routes of drug administration, Schemes and Mind Maps of Pharmacology

Download Routes of drug administration and more Schemes and Mind Maps Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! Routes of drug administration Pharmacology lab 1/ 4th stage Al-Mustaqbal University College/ Department of Pharmacy Dr. Weaam Jasem 1 The route of drug administration Right Dose Time Medication Patient client Routes Documentation Reason is the path by which a drug is taken into the body 2 Enteral -Oral route Advantage Simple use , safe ,economic abbreviated by (PO) Disadvantages Delayed onset First pass effect, Interactions Not used with some patients eg children ,emergency ,coma ,… Not used with some drugs eg insulin ,aminoglycoside … 5 Common Oral dosage form Tablets Capsules Powder Syrups solutions Suspensions Elixir 6 Sublingual routes Administration of Dosage form by placed under the tongue. Advantages  rapidly absorbed by mucosa Convenience of administration Avoidance the GIT irritation and first pass effect 7 Buccal routes Advantages Rapid absorption Avoid first pass effect Disadvantages Inconveneince Small dose limit 10 Rectal route - Administering medication rectally = Glycerin Gaxative) suppositories for © insertion into the rectum _— insertion of an enema nozzieasn breeches the anal sphincter —— A rectal “bulb” syringe for = introducing a small amount of fluid into the rectum Enema equipment for introcucnng a & targe amount of fsid into the colon via the rectum mil istration of “a visapvaN >» Inconvenient » Absorption is slow and erratic > Irritation or inflammation of rectal mucosa can occur © intramusculer intravenous intradermal so” aa" ee 25° 10-15" Epicermis { Dermis { Subcutaneous tissue mete { Intramusculsr Aa yo 6 Intravenous (IV) Advantages Bioavailability 100% Large dose Emergency Vomiting, diahria, coma… Disadvantages Expensive and Less convenient Need technical assistance Less safety Thrombophlebitis 16 Intramuscular (IM) Advantages  Rapid absorption Rapid onset of action compared to oral and subcutaneous Avoid first pass effect  Avoid gastric factors Disadvantages  Expensive  local pain and abscess  nerve damage  Up to 10 ml drug given 17 Intradermal inj . • Injections are delivered into the dermis or (the skin layer underneath the epidermis layer.) • Vaccines ,allergy test , 20 Inhalation route Used for volatile gases (anaesthetic) also liquid such as in aerosol, nebulizer/ inhaler Advantage Large surface area , high blood flow and rapid action. Represent a local route in lung diseases. Small dose, so less toxicity Disadvantages Difficulty used inhaler in some patient. Only few drugs can be used. 21 Topical administration • Is application of drug directly to the surface of skin • Also includes administration to other mucous membrane such as eye ,nose ,ear, vagina • Examples for Topical dosage form:- • Cream, ointment, gel, lotion, transdermal patch, drop, solution, spray • Advantages and disadvantage Local therapeutic effect Lower side effects ? Sprays through nose may be for local or systemic effect eg , desmopressin (systemic ,xylometazoline local ) 22 Intrathecal (injection into sub-arachnoid space) Intravitreal administered by ophthalmologist 25 Intraosseous Infusion Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting directly into the Bone marrow. It is an alternate emergency technique to intravenous infusion. 26 27