Nursing Theory: Understanding Different Types and Their Role in Practice, Exams of Nursing

Download Nursing Theory: Understanding Different Types and Their Role in Practice and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Ryerson University CNUR 805 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Rated A+ Assured Success New Update 2024 Nursing is classified as which type of science? a. Pure b. Natural c. Applied d. Human  When discussing the knowledge development in nursing science, the study of theory is referred to as which of the following? a. Ontology b. Epistemology c.Methodology d. Philosophy  There are several defined ways of knowing. Which way of knowing is defined as, “the art of nursing”? a.Personal b.Ethics c.Aesthetics d.Empirics  Which type of theory may be described as a phenomenon, explain relationships of concepts or predict effects of a phenomenon? 1 a.Metatheory b.Practice theory c.Grand theory d.Middle range theory (not sure)  Which type of theory is the least complex and is situation specific? a. Middle range theory b. Grand theory c. Metatheory d. Practice theory  Which of the following discipline or disciplines may be used in the design of a nursing theory? a.Sociology b.Physical biology c.Psychology d. Psychology, physical biology, and sociology  What is the primary concern of nursing science? 2  What is the theoretical model that Benner developed? a. Unitary Human Beings b. From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing c. Nursing Process Theory d. Philosophy and Science of Caring  The characteristics of a model as it approaches normal science are a. Acceptance by community of scientists, provides basis for practice, is a guide for research b. Acceptance by nurses, provides basis for practice, is a guide for research c. Acceptance by community of scientists, published in journal articles d. Acceptance by nurses, published in journal articles  What is important for the theorist to take into account when constructing a nursing theory? a.Available consensus on phenomenon b.Personal knowing c.Personal findings d. Available empirical findings  The history of nursing theory evolved through successive stages. What are the eras? a. Curriculum era, research era, graduate education era, 5 theory era b. Theory era, statistical era, research era, graduate education era c. Medical era, curriculum era, education era, research era d. Historical era, research era, education era, graduate era  The examination of early nursing literature led to the development of the fundamental patterns of knowing. What are the ways of knowing? a. Moral knowledge, empirics, ethics, aesthetics b. Science of Nursing, moral knowledge, ethics, empirics c.Empirics, ethics, aesthetics, personal knowing d. The Art of Nursing, aesthetics, personal knowing, ethics  Which theorist emphasized “Caring is essential to the essence of nursing? It sets up what matters, enabling connection and concern. It creates possibility for mutual helpfulness? a. Rosemarie Parse b. Patricia Benner c.Jean Watson d. Madeline Leininger  How may theory be developed? a. Deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, retroductive reasoning b. Generalization induced from a number of general observed instances 6 c. Reasoning that proceeds from specific assertions to general conclusions d. Commonsense, deductive reasoning, retroductive reasoning  The development of nursing theory is essential to advance the knowledge of nursing as a discipline. What are the elements necessary for a theory to be complete? a.Concepts, theoretical definitions, operational definitions b.Operational statements, concepts, theoretical statements c.Concepts, definitions, statements, linkages d.Linkages of theoretical statements, theoretical statements  What is the theoretical perspective of Leininger’s Theory? a. The worldview of the patient b. Preceptorship in nursing c. Human Becoming d. Therapeutic Touch  What disciplinary field is the term phenomenology associated with? a.Geology b.Psychology c.Philosophy d.Anthropology  Which model is Benner’s theoretical model based on? a. Dreyfus b. Brykcznski 7 Theory - Final Exam 10 c. Relationships d. Concepts  What is the sequence for the decision making process a. Identify a goal, decide on a plan, take action, evaluate the result b. Decide on a plan, identify the goal, take action evaluate the result c. Evaluate the result, decide on a plan, take action, identify the goal d. Identify the goal, take action, decide on a plan, evaluate the result  What are the goals of theoretical knowledge? a. To stimulate thinking and create a broad understanding of the science and practice of the nursing discipline. b. To apply multiple sources of knowledge to a diverse range of client situations. c. To orient theorizing toward levels of abstraction. d. To determine the interrelationships between clinical practice and theorizing.  What does the praxis of nursing refer to? a. Constant reflection and action that transforms unjust situations from what is to what needs to be. b. The moral knowledge of nursing. 10 Theory - Final Exam 11 c. The art of nursing. d. The science of nursing.  Matching Type •A basic principle that is accepted as being true based on logic or reason, but without proof or verification. Assumption • A symbolic representation of concepts or variables and interrelationships among them. Model •The intellectually disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. Critical Thinking • Is a process that involves systematic inquiry that is concerned with causality, cause and effect. Science •A statement or assertion of the relationship between concepts. Proposition •The process of developing general predictions from specific principles. Inductive Reasoning •Focuses on the lived experience of humans. Phenomenology •Ways of perceiving and understanding the Self and the world. Knowing •Refers to a theory that focuses on only a piece of reality or human experience involving a selected number of concepts. Mid-range Theory •A graphic illustration of the relationships between concepts. 11 Theory - Final Exam 12 Conceptual Model •Knowing that is expressed in a way that can be shared and structured through speech and language. Knowledge •The process of developing specific predictions from general principles. Deductive Reasoning 12 Theory - Final Exam 15 5. Perspective transformation - emancipatory knowing TRUE 6. Critical reflectivity: ● Examine one’s own reality and threaten one’s self concept 7. Knowledge required through dialogic learning - appraisive in nature 8. Deductive and inductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning-- is often used to test a theory. Deductive reasoning goes from the broad to the specific. Inductive reasoning is often used to develop a theory. Specific to general 9. Reflective practice is a complex process and we can use it in day to day practice – TRUE Outside – FALSE (???)if you see a word “outside” in the above statement then it is false) 10.Personal knowing -actualizing, realizing and understanding personal relationships 11.Critical examination for social order – emancipatory knowing 12.Knowledge about Blood pressure – empirical knowledge 15 Theory - Final Exam 16 13.Awareness about Oppressive society - emancipatory knowing 14.When discussing the knowledge development in nursing science, the study of theory is referred to as which of the following? Epistemology. 15.Valuing, clarifying and advocating ethical knowing 16. In which way logical empiricist influenced by philosophy of science ● Unify the diverse phenomenon of discipline ● Viewed science as a process of human behaviour and thought 17.Phenomena discovered and explained Logical empiricism 16 Theory - Final Exam 17 18.Assessing the client from a system perspective. What type of approach? Simultaneity 19.Difference between simultaneity and totality ● Health viewed as subjective outcome ● Person viewed as more than different than sum of parts ● Nursing research as qualitative nature 20.Truth is a multiple perspective (?) ● under historicism 21.Critical social theory (?) ● emphasizes that inequality exists in the society. 22.Phenomenological approach? · Used to predict outcome of phenomenon · Qualitative perspective · Independent of nurses perspective 23.Feminist theory. · Encourage young women to enter nursing · Recognize domestic work · Related to traditional capitalist value 24.Critical social theory · Based on the ideology of social issue · Role of power - in analyzing social issue · Knowledge about social structure 17 Theory - Final Exam 20 37.Control of client pain - Situation producing theory. 38.Proposition that includes a conclusion that has to be true is called Theory. 39.Entropy? System is breaking up, is chaotic, losing energy (e.g., new organizations that don’t have policies and procedures in place; systems that aren’t designed to handle the influx of a large volume of casualties – such as an airline crash; an individual who is unable to cope with stressors and is decompensating Negentropy- System is growing, developing order, and gaining energy (e.g., an organization develops and regularly revises policies and procedures, an individual learns coping mechanisms that help to manage stress 40.Hospital is a supra system 20 Theory - Final Exam 21 41. Input system- increased deviation, what kind of feedback. Answer: Positive feedback 42.Which of the following is considered to be true about viable systems? · Negentropically to achieve specific phenomena · Dependent upon structure and boundaries · Feedback is used as regulating mechanism to control 43.System model · Increased in the complexity with negentropy · Steady state 44.RN scope of practice is under professional Act . Answer: Throughput 45.The nursing diagnosis is a condition for which nursing has the accountability for assessment and treatment. – TRUE 46. Input used in the Implementation phase: · Client data · Nurses knowledge and skills 47.Scenario: Post-op patient after the gallbladder surgery. BP dropped down, sutures opened. What is the nurse action? - Collaborative Job. 21 Theory - Final Exam 22 48.Collaborative problem? · Specific case /cluster of similar causes · Specific pathology / treatment · Nursing assessment, status of the problem 49.Nursing process is a GRAND theory Question 1: Theory influences nursing practice in which of the following: 1. It identifies recipients/clients of nursing care 2. It sets standards for practice 22 Theory - Final Exam 25 □ False □ True Question 6: Which of the following statements reflect critical reflectivity? Critical reflectivit y 1. Can be threatening to one’s self concept 2. Is an integral element in the process of making immediate action decisions 3. Examines one’s own reality 4. Examines one’s own pattern of problem solving □ 1,3 □ 1,4 □ 1, 2, 3 □ 2, 3, 4 Question 7: Which of the following provides an example of DEDUCTIVE REASONING? 1. A conceptual framework causes you to carefully examine the client’s ability to engage in self care 2. You look at your family in a different way since you have learned systems theory 3. Knowledge of the physiology of shock and hemorrhage allows you to assess whether your 25 Theory - Final Exam 26 post-operative patient has the diagnosis of shock 4. Several of your nursing student colleagues state that they were greatly helped by self directed learning theory - Therefore you feel this theory is useful for this program. □ 1,3 □ 2,4 □ 1, 2, 3 □ 1,2, 3, 4 Question 8: Knowledge acquired through dialogic learning is what kind of knowledge? □ Perspective in nature □ Appraisive in nature □ Designative in nature Question 9: Reflective practice is a complex process in which the nurse’s feelings and cognition are considered outside of her/his actual day-to-day practice. □ True □ False 26 Theory - Final Exam 27 Question 10: Knowing through actualizing, centring, and realizing is which kind of knowing? □ Empirical Knowing □ Aesthetic Knowing □ Emancipatory Knowing □ Ethical Knowing □ Personal Knowing Question 11: Knowing through critical examination of the social order is which kind of knowing? □ Empirical Knowing □ Aesthetic Knowing □ Personal Knowing □ Ethical Knowledge □ Emancipatory Knowing Question 12: Which of the following relates to personal knowledge? Personal knowledge 1. Is knowing about a phenomenon because you have experienced that phenomenon 2. Evolves by engaging in critical reflection 3. Is essential to providing ‘nursing care’ as opposed to just technical assistance 4. Promotes the establishment of therapeutic relations □ 1,2 27 Theory - Final Exam 30 □ Logical empiricism □ Historicism Question 18: The simultaneity paradigm differs from the totality paradigm in which of the following ways? 1. Health is viewed as a subjective outcome 2. Person is viewed as more than and different from the sum of the parts 3. Nursing focuses on health promotion 4. Nursing research is generally qualitative in nature □ 2,3 □ None of the above □ 2, 3, 4 □ 1, 2, 4 30 Theory - Final Exam 31 Question 19: The simultaneity paradigm is like the totality paradigm in that both are □ Focused on nurse-person relationship in a similar way □ Recognize the nurse as the prime decision maker □ Share the same goal of nursing □ None of the above Question 20: Assessing the client from a system’s perspective represents which approach to nursing practice? □ Simultaneity □ Totality Question 21: ‘Truth’ is defined by multiple perspectives. This statement reflects which philosophical perspective? □ Historicism □ Logical Empiricism Question 22: From a critical social perspective, the desired outcome of social analysis is □ Exposing inequities that exist in a society □ Emancipation from obsessive social structure? □ Determining who in society has the power to construct social structures □ Raising questions about the structures that govern society Question 23: A phenomenological approach 1. Acknowledges a qualitative perspective of the world 31 Theory - Final Exam 32 2. Acknowledges the legitimacy of multiple ways of knowing 3. Generates knowledge that can be used to predict outcomes of phenomena 4. Is independent of the nurse’s meaning perspectives □ 1, 2 □ 2, 3 □ 1, 3, 4 □ 2, 3, 4 Question 24: The feminist movement supported the profession of nursing in which of the following ways? 1. Nursing was able to successfully address a variety of labour issues 2. It encouraged young women to enter nursing 3. It recognized that domestic women’s work, related to a traditional understanding about what nursing is, has capitalistic value 4. It promoted the development of nursing knowledge □ 1, 4 □ 1, 2, 4 32 Theory - Final Exam 35 asking relevant questions about what is of interest to the discipline - True - False Question 31. The exploration of the nature of knowledge and the processes for its development is called: - practice theory - grand theory - meta-theory - mid-range theory Question 3. In the world of nursing, which of the following are verbal symbolic models? 1 – per os 2 - nursing process 3- code blue 4 – the client’s chart - 1, 2 - 2, 3 - 1, 2, 3 - 2, 3, 4 Question 33. Conceptual framework are different from theories in that conceptual frameworks 1- provide specific guidelines to inform practice 2 – explain one or more relationships between the metaparadigm concepts 3 – are useful in promoting an understanding of the nature and scope of nursing practice 35 Theory - Final Exam 36 4 – provide a means of organizing a multitude of facts and information, relevant to a particular discipline, into a meaningful whole - 2 - 3,5 - 1,3,4 - 1,24 - 1,3,4,5 Question 34. Which of the following are characteristics of concepts? 1 – Concept interpretations are derived from an individual’s experience and her/his perception 2 – Frequent or continuous exposure to a concept results in that concept being simplified and easier to apply to nursing practice 3 – Concept development is a dynamic and cognitive process 4 – Caring is a universal attribute of then metaparadigm concept ‘nursing’ - 2,3 - 1,2, 4 - 1, 3, 4 36 Theory - Final Exam 37 - All of the above Question 35. You are required to insert a foley catheter into your young female client who has an extended bladder. The procedure you follow to accomplish this task would be an example of - A concept - Theory - As assumptions - A proposition Question 36. Which type of theory provides a basic methodology for nursing practice? - Grand theory - Mid-range theory - Practice Theory Question 37. The use of the word “theory” implies 1- knowledge derived from the examination of relationships within a conceptual framework 2 – a relatively unsystematic view of phenomena 3 – an ability to describe, explain, predict, and/or prescript phenomena 4 – an identification of interrelationships among concepts - 1,2 - 3,4 - 1,2,4 - 1,3,4 37 Theory - Final Exam 40 paramount 2 – Change and an increase in complexity is inevitable in a negentropic system 3 – The less permeable the boundary, the more stable the system NURSING THEORY: FINAL EXAM 4 – “Steady state” is used to describe the balanced relationship of system parts independent of a fixed point. - 2, 4 - 1, 2, 4 - 2, 3,4 - All of the above Question 44. When input into the system (in the form of feedback) increases deviation from the system’s ability to accomplish its mission, that form of feedback is referred to as - Negative Feedback - Positive Feedback Question 45. The scope of practice of a Registered Nurse is delineated in the Regulated Health Professions Act. In system’s theory terms, this scope of practice represents 40 Theory - Final Exam 41 - Throughput - Entropy - Input - Boundary Question 46. A nursing diagnosis is a condition for which nursing has the accountability for assessment and treatment - True - False Question 47. When considering the implementation phase of the nursing process from a systems perspective, which of the following would be classified as “input?” 1- Client data 2 – The nurse’s knowledge and skill 3 – The nursing diagnosis 4 – The treatment plan - 4 - 1, 2 - 2, 4 - 3, 4 Question 48. John Thomas is an obese 42-year-old salesman who is admitted to the hospital for a cholecystectomy. On the third post-op day, Mr. Thomas calls the nurse and indicates that he feels as though his “stiches are popping.” The nurse notes that he is pale and diaphoretic, and further observation revels four 41 Theory - Final Exam 42 open sutures in the incisional area. A loop of bowel is protruding through the lower end of the opening. In addition, the client is hypotensive, with a blood pressure of 100/68. Nursing intervention strategies targeted at resolving this problem would be an example of the nurse practicing within the scope of which of her/his professional roles? - Collaborative role - Independent role Question 49. Which of the following statements related to the term “collaborative problems?” Collaborative problems 1 – are assessed only after consultation with members of the multidisciplinary team 2 – may reflect the specific cause or the clustering of similar causes 3 - require nursing assessment focusing on the status of the problem 4 – occur or probably occur in association with a specific pathology or treatment - 1, 2 - 2, 3 - 2, 3, 4 - 1, 2, 4 42 Theory - Final Exam 45 1, 2 1, 2, 4 1, 3, 4 All of the above Question 12: The ethical conduct standards of practice of the College of Nurses of Ontario constitute the ethical knowing that nurses use in their everyday practice to address complex moral issues. Tru e Fals e Question 13: Knowing through describing, explaining, and predicting is which kind of knowing? Empirical knowing Aesthetic knowing Personal knowing Emancipatory knowing Ethical knowing Question 15: The actions, conduct attitudes, use of language, and interactions of the nurse in relation to others is an expression of which type of knowledge? Personal 45 Theory - Final Exam 46 knowledge Empirical knowledge Aesthetic knowledge Emancipatory knowledge Question 17: The experiences and values of the scientist influence emerging theory. This statement reflects which philosophical perspective? Logical empiricism Historicism Question 22: From a social perspective, ‘power’ can be most broadly understood as A function of gender A function of race A function of economics A function of dominant members of a society Question 23: Both a totality and a simultaneity to practice involve taking into consideration the opinions of the client Tru e Fals e 46 Theory - Final Exam 47 Question 24: The focus of interest is the lived experience. This statement reflects which philosophical perspective? Logical empiricism 47 Theory - Final Exam 50 □ Explanatory theory □ Predictive theory □ Prescriptive theory Question 38: Mid-range knowledge about pain directs the interventional strategies that nurses applies to manage pain □ True □ False Question 40: Which of the following are characteristics of concepts? □ 1-Concept interpretation are derived from an individual’s experience and her/his perception □ 2-Frequent or continuous exposure to a concept results in that concept being simplified and easier to apply to nursing practice □ 3-concept development is a dynamic and cognitive process □ 4-Caring is a universal attribute of the metaparadigm concept nursing Question 42: Chicken soup is good for you when you’re sick. This statement would be an example of □ A concept □ Theory □ An assumption □ A proposition Question 45: You decide that you are going to make your own chicken soup. Cooking the chicken in a pot with water and 50 Theory - Final Exam 51 vegetables is an example of □ A concept □ Theory □ An assumption □ A proposition Question 49: Which of the following ae quantitative symbolic models? □ 1-gtts □ 2-sob □ 3-prn □ 4-TPR chart □ 1 □ 2, 3, □ 1, 2, 3. □ 1, 3, 4 51 Theory - Final Exam 52 1. A client in a rehabilitation unit requires improved mobility prior to discharge. Which of the following is an appropriately written goal statement? 1.Client will have good balance and not fall. 2.Client will ambulate independently with a cane by 4 weeks 3.Client will ambulate independently with a walker. 4.Client will independently perform activities of daily living. 2. In which of the following situations is the nurse displaying critical thinking? Select all that apply 1.When questioning a medication order that is not controlling the client's heart rate. 2.When exhibiting a willingness to try alternate methods of addressing a client's care needs. 3.When waiting for the medical team to determine the focus of the clients. 4.When listening with empathy to a client who recently has been diagnosed. 3. A student in the Post-Diploma Program is experiencing some self-doubt about learning during the first semester of the program. To help understand and resolve these feelings of self doubt, why would this student use Mezirow's Transformative learning theory? (Select all that apply). 1.Learn to make own interpretations. 2.Understand the meaning of own experience. 3.Develop transformation in the student's perspective. 4.Acquire skills for autonomous thinking. 52 Theory - Final Exam 55 3.Caring has many different meanings. 4.Caring is not unique to nursing. 12.A nurse is caring for a client of a different culture. The nurse is not familiar with the customs of this particular client and is disturbed that the client's spouse makes all the decisions about care and treatments. The nurse's reaction is an example of which of the following? 1.Inference 2.Intuition 3.Opinion 4.Reasoning. 13. Which of the following branches of philosophy focuses on the theory of knowledge 1.Epistemology 2.Ontology 3.Logic 4.Ethics 55 Theory - Final Exam 56 14. Which type of theory is focused on broad issues, such as philosophical worldviews and their influence on nursing? 1.Middle-range theory. 2.Grand theory 3.Practice theory 4.Meta-theory (a theory about theories) most abstract level of theory. 15. A client comes into the emergency department (ED) with a productive cough, audible, coarse crackles, elevated temperature of 39.5C, chills, and body aches. The nurse identifies the problem as respiratory compromise. The nurse is using which of the following? 1.Socratic questioning 2.Deductive reasoning 3.Inductive reasoning 4.Critical analysis. 16. A student nurse who claims to be very uncreative doesn't understand why it is necessary to learn and develop new ideas in clinical practice. How should the nurse educator respond regarding the benefits of creativity in clinical practice? 1.Not all of the answers are going to be in your textbook 2.Creativity makes nursing more interesting 3.Creativity helps you to avoid becoming bored 56 Theory - Final Exam 57 4.Creativity allows unique solutions to problems 17. A student in a nursing program is caring for a client who resists ambulating in the hall. The student asks a nurse on the unit for assistance. Which of the following does the student most likely lack? 1.Knowledge about resources for ambulation 2.Knowledge about ambulation 3.Knowledge from previous Clinical experiences. 4.Knowledge about policies and procedures 18. A nurse working in palliative care examines personal values and changes in society's view about medical assistance in dying. This process describes the development of what type of knowledge? 1.Intuitive Knowledge 2.Ethical Knowledge 3.Somatic Knowledge 4.Empirical Knowledge 19. Which of the following is founded on the belief that what is experienced is what exists and that experiences must be verified through methodology? 1.Phenomenology 57 Theory - Final Exam 60 4.Basic science 25. A nurse is trying to improve skills in the art of nursing. Which of the following are antecedents for the art of nursing? (Select all that apply) 1.Knowing own strengths and limitations 2.Patient advocacy 3.Relationship -centered practice 4.Professional maturity 26. Which of the following statements demonstrates a nurse’s understanding of the reasons that critical thinking is so important to the nursing profession? (Select all that apply) 1.“Care delivery systems are only as good as the nurses delivering care” 2.“Health care is expensive, nursing has to take on responsibility to keep the costs controlled” 3.“Nurses have always relied on common sense thinking to provide quality appropriate nursing care” 4.“Patient acuity is so much greater than it was even 10 years ago” 27. Which type of theory does the nurse use to inform the technique for inserting a urinary catheter? 1.Practice theory 2.Meta-theory 3.Grand theory 4.Middle - range theory 60 Theory - Final Exam 61 28. A nurse just moved from a rural area to an urban area. the nurse knows that certain nursing practices may be quite foreign to the people in the new area. This nurse is practicing which affective habit of the mind for critical thinking? 1.Confidence 2.Reflection 3.Context 4.Intuition 29. Which of the following statements is true regarding a concept map? 1.A concept map uses graphic depiction of linear and nonlinear relationships to represent critical thinking. 2.A concept map is a systemic, linear, written document focused on one health problem. 3.A concept map uses two types of maps. 4.A concept map is a template that can be used for multiple clients. 30. A client is complaining of shortness of breath, has no pallor, no cyanosis, and no accessory muscle use with respirations. The client’s respiratory rate is 16 breaths 61 Theory - Final Exam 62 per minute. The nurse is concerned that the client’s report and the physical findings conflict. The nurse is using which universal standard of critical thinking? 1.Significance. 2.Logicalness 3.Accuracy 4.Clarity 31. Knowing through observation, testing, and replication is which kind of knowing? 1.Empirical knowing 2.Esthetic knowing 3.Personal knowing 4.Intuition knowing 1. Nursing has been considered both a profession and an occupation. Which of the following supports defining nursing as a profession? A)Autonomy B)Learned vocation C)Varied level of skill D)Career with varied knowledge 2. How many levels of entry into practice exist for registered nurses? A)One B)Two C)Three 62 Theory - Final Exam 65 appropriate? A)Refers to the belief system of the profession and provides perspectives for practice, scholarship, and research. B)The substantive, discipline-specific knowledge that focuses on the human- universe-health process. C)Refers to the system of relationship of human response in health and illness. D)Responsible for generation of knowledge, which provides direction for future. 10.When discussing the knowledge development in nursing science, the study of theory is referred to as which of the following? A)Ontology B)Epistemology C)Methodology D)Philosophy 11.There are several defined ways of knowing. Which way of knowing is defined as “a priori knowledge that pertain to knowledge gained from thought alone?” A)Empirics B)Personal 65 Theory - Final Exam 66 C)Intuitive D)Somatic 12.Patterns of knowledge in nursing include use of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines, abstracted and generalized beyond personal experience. Of which pattern of knowledge is this representative? A)Clinical knowledge B)Emancipatory knowing C)Conceptual knowledge D)Empirical knowledge 13.Nursing is described as a human science based on inclusion of which of the following in the discipline? A)Physiology B)Human health C)Anthropology D)All of the above 14. A study is conducted and the methodology used for the data collection is focused on testing a hypothesis and seeking to prove or disprove the hypothesis. Which type of methodology is being used? A)Qualitative B)Quantitative C)Methodologic pluralism 15.During the course of a nursing research study, the research 66 Theory - Final Exam 67 selects a theory with a phenomenological foundation seeking to explore the experiences of teens living with HIV. Which type of methodology is being used? A)Qualitative B)Quantitative C)Methodologic pluralism 1. Myra Levine expressed nurses are often confused about theory. Which of the following was given as one reason for the confusion related to nursing theory? A)Clearly understandable B)Obscure concepts C)Application to practice D)New concepts 2. If a theory is to be useful in nursing, it must include which of the following? A)Broad concepts B)Understandable concepts 67 Theory - Final Exam 70 9. Which type of theory is the most broad and complex in scope? A)Grand theory B)Middle range theory C)Practice theory D)Microtheory 10.Which type of theory may describe a phenomenon, explain relationships of concepts or predict effects of a phenomenon? A)Metatheory B)Grand theory C)Middle range theory D)Practice theory 11.Which type of theory is the least complex and is situation specific? A)Methatheory B)Grand theory C)Middle range theory D)Practice theory 12.A nursing theory designed to explain or relate concepts in a theory to one another is considered which type or purpose of theory? A)Factor-isolating theories B)Factor-relating theories C)Situation-relating theories 70 Theory - Final Exam 71 D)Situation-producing theories 13.A nursing theory which prescribes activities to reach a goal is which type of theory? A)Factor-isolating theories B)Factor-relating theories C)Situation-relating theories D)Situation-producing theories 14.Which of the following discipline or disciplines may be used in the design of a nursing theory? A)Psychology B)Physical biology C)Sociology D)Psychology, physical biology, and sociology 15.Based on the work by Fawcett, which of the following is not part of the defined nursing metaparadigm? A)Person 71 Theory - Final Exam 72 B)Health C)Environment D)Caring 1. A concept used in a theory may be which of the following? A)A sentence B)One or two words C)A sentence or a paragraph D)A word, two words, or a phrase 2. The definition of a concept should include consideration of which of the following factor? A)Potential publication B)Context of concept C)Researcher opinion D)Use in other disciplines 3. Concepts used in nursing theory have been derived from which of the following? A) Nursing practice B)Psychology and medicine C)Nursing research D)Nursing practice and other disciplines 4. A concept which is independent of time and space is considered which type of concept? A)Concrete B)Abstract C)Variable 72 Theory - Final Exam 75 literature searches and determines the relevance for nursing. In which phase of the model does this occur? A)Analytical phase B)Fieldwork phase C)Theoretical phase D)Concept development 12.What is the purpose of concept clarification based on the work by Meleis? A) Define new concepts B)Identify dimension of concepts C)Explore use in the discipline D)Refine existing concepts 1.Theory development in nursing assists nursing in all of the following ways except one. Which of the following is not accomplished through theory development? A)Helps the nurse understand practice B)Identifies key ideas of practice C)Organizes knowledge for use D)Disproves prior nursing knowledge 75 Theory - Final Exam 76 2. What is the term which refers to the process and methods used to create, modify, or refine a theory? A)Theory construction B)Theory development C)Theory production D)Theory design 3. What is the term that is used to describe the final steps of theory development in which the components of the theory are organized and linkages specified? A)Theory development B)Theory production C)Theory construction D)Theory design 4. When discussing theory, the theory termed as a worldview that deals with generating knowledge and broad abstract concepts is which type of theory? A)Practice theory B)Metatheory C)Middle range theory D)Microtheory 5. Theories that consist of conceptual frameworks defining broad perspectives for practice and looking at phenomena based on perspectives and lacking operational definitions are which type of theories? 76 Theory - Final Exam 77 A)Grand theories B)Microtheories C)Practice theories D)Middle range theories 6. Which theories contain limited numbers of concepts and are limited in scope with some degree of generalization, but the concepts are clear and hypotheses can be derived? A)Microtheories B)Practice theories C)Metatheories D)Middle range theories 7. Which theories are narrow in scope and have few concepts with a focus on reality? A) Metatheories B)Practice theories C)Middle range theories D)Grand theories 77 Theory - Final Exam 80 14.Nursing theories are built on levels of abstraction. Which type of theory is the foundation on which other theories are built? A)Microtheory B)Practice theory C)Middle range theory D)Grand theory 15.How are nursing theories developed? A)Discovered in research. B)Revealed in practice. C)Invented to describe events. D)Designed to tie research to practice. 1. Theory analysis and evaluation provides for all except which of the following? A)Provide information on theory B)Identify gaps in theory C)Determine use in practice D)Assess the theorist validity 2. When conducting theory evaluation, the result is all of the following except which one? A)Theory's origin B)Testability C)New information D)Generalizability 80 Theory - Final Exam 81 3. The systematic process of objectively examining the content, structure, and function of a theory is which of the following? A)Theory description B)Theory analysis C)Theory evaluation D)Theory development 4. When assessing a theory's potential contribution to the discipline's knowledge base, what is this considered? A)Theory description B)Theory analysis C)Theory evaluation D)Theory development 5. Which nursing scholar was the first to document the following criteria for analyzing theories: scope, complexity, testability, usefulness, implicit values of the theorist, information generation, and meaningful terminology? 81 Theory - Final Exam 82 A)Hardy B)Ellis C)Chinn D)Meleis 6. One nursing scholar wrote theory should be evaluated based on universal standards. The same theorist discussed logical adequacy and the need for analysis of internal consistency in theory. Who is the appropriate nursing scholar? A)Meleis B)Chinn C)Hardy D)Ellis 7. One nursing scholar used a two-phase process for analysis and evaluation of theories and frameworks. In her view of analysis, she indicated a significant need to be nonjudgmental and detailed in examination of a theory. She further indicated a need for theory to be evaluated by unique focus, the metaparadigm of nursing. Who is the appropriate nursing scholar? A) Barnum B)Fawcett C)Meleis D)Whall 8. Who is the only nurse scholar to outline three separate criteria for analysis and evaluation for the three levels of nursing theory? 82 Theory - Final Exam 85 3. Which of the following is not a concept included in Benner's Model of Skill Acquisition in Nursing? A)Competence B)Clinical knowledge C)Experience D)Caring 4. What is the central purpose of the model developed by Benner in the Model of Skill Acquisition in Nursing? A)The model demonstrates the need for nurses to conduct research. B)The model focuses on the need for caring for clients. C)The model seeks to describe clinical expertise including six areas of practical knowledge. D)The model is useful in assessing a nurse only in the first year of practice. 5. Which nurse theorist focused her work on the importance of culture and health 85 Theory - Final Exam 86 and healing? A)Benner B)Leininger C)Pender D)Reed 6. What is one central tenet of the theory by Leininger of culture care diversity and universality theory? A)All patients should be treated equal. B)Respect the patient and family. C)Optimal health is the goal. D)Understand the individual's view of illness. 7. Which nurse theorist developed the Health Promotion Model? A)Pender B)Reed C)Beck D)Mercer 8. What is the purpose of the Omaha System? A)It is a classification system that promotes documentation of client care. B)It articulates nurses' contributions, activities, and outcomes with regard to caring for critically ill patients. C)It explains how clients cognitively process illness-related stimuli and construct meaning in these events. D)It defines comfort within nursing practice to meet the basic human needs of relief and comfort. 86 Theory - Final Exam 87 9. What is the context for the synergy model? A)Designing practice and developing competencies required to care for critically ill patients. B)Integrating nursing and behavioral science perspectives on factors that influence health behaviors. C)Guiding community health nursing practice and serving as a method for documentation of care and data management. D)Explaining how clients cognitively process illness-related stimuli and construct meaning in these events. 10.The nurse theorist, Mishel, developed which theory? A)Uncertainty of Illness Theory B)Theory of Comfort C)Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms D)Self-Transcendence Theory 87 Theory - Final Exam 90 D)Collectivist 2. Which of the following is not a theory from the social sciences? A)Health Promotion Theory B)Exchange Theory C)General Systems Theory D)Role Theory 3. Which social science theories are founded on utilitarianism? A)Feminist theory B)Chaos theory C)General systems theory D)Exchange theory 4. A nurse researcher is interested in lack of reciprocity in family and divorce rates. Which theory might the researcher consider using? A)Individualistic social exchange B)Chaos theory C)General systems theory D)Social networks 5. Which of the following theories is not a type of exchange theory? A)Symbolic Interactionism B)Rational Choice C)General Systems Theory 90 Theory - Final Exam 91 D)Social Networks 6. From which philosophical framework did symbolic interactionism theory arise? A)Pragmatism B)Utilitarianism C)Empiricism D)Phenomenology 7. Which variation of feminist theory is founded on the ideas of the Karl Marx and was exemplified by Millet? A)Liberal feminism B)Socialist feminism C)Radical feminism D)Cultural feminism 8. Which of the following is one of the considerations in chaos theory? 91 Theory - Final Exam 92 A)Understanding how change occurs in systems over time B)Following the disorder of individuals lives C)Identifying the meaning of chaos by individuals D)Examining the interactions which lead to instability in society 9. Based on the writings and conflict theory of Karl Marx, which of the following is a reason for conflict in society? A)Equal resources B)Individual pathology C)Capitalist inequality D)Democratic government 10. Which of the following is not considered a type of conflict theory? A)Feminist theory B)Critical social theory C)Cultural bias D)Exchange theory 11. What is the purpose of cultural feminism theory? A)To explore the differences between the sexes B)To condone separatism and work toward a female-dominated community C)To focus on the political aspect of women in society D)To refute the notion of the Oedipal complex 12. Which of the following theories uses societal awareness to expose social inequalities that keep 92