Role of Safety Programs in Protecting Employees & Reducing Injuries, Schemes and Mind Maps of Psychology

Download Role of Safety Programs in Protecting Employees & Reducing Injuries and more Schemes and Mind Maps Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! ● Nature and Role of Safety, Health, and Wellness (Focused only on Safety) (Mariz) Safety Involves protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents. Included within the umbrella definition of safety are factors related to musculoskeletal disorders, stress injuries, and domestic violence. Problems in these areas can seriously affect a worker’s productivity and quality of work life. One notable example of this is when an employee feels that safety within their work environment, the more productive and efficient they can be throughout their work. That is why one of the most important considerations a company should have is prioritizing safety of the employees. As per the safety of the employees, their health is also being assured, one way of prioritizing the wellbeing and welfare of the people around the organization. The following groups next to us will further broaden our knowledge about these topics. From the laws and offices that ensure the safety and health of the employees such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. ● Safety: The Economic Impact (Mariz) Job-related deaths and injuries of all types extract a high toll not only in human misery but also in economic loss. These affect everyone, directly or indirectly. In what way? Let us consider this example from the book. According to a Liberty Manual Workplace Safety Index, workplace illnesses and injuries cost US firms more than 55 billion dollars in workers’ compensation costs, an average of more than 1 billion dollars per week. The significant financial costs are often passed along to the consumer in the form of higher prices. Thus making everyone, including people outside the organization such as the consumers, are affected by these incidents. Therefore having explained the impact of safety to the economy. To give a thorough explanation on how safety is related to economics, let’s consider the pandemic as an example. As COVID 19 arises, mitigation measures are also high particularly in companies. Therefore, they are required to invest money to ensure the safety of their employees. As per China and Philippines, this pandemic brought a sudden drop towards their GDP. ● Focus on safety programs (ENJELIENE) Every employer needs to have a comprehensive safety program in place regardless of the degree of danger involved. Safety programs may accomplish their purposes in two primary ways: one focusing on unsafe employee actions and the other on unsafe working conditions. PPT What is focus on safety programs? Every employer needs to have a comprehensive safety program in place regardless of the degree of danger involved. Safety programs may accomplish their purposes in two primary ways: one focusing on unsafe employee actions and the other on unsafe working conditions. SCRIPT A culture of safety awareness aimed at minimizing workplace injuries can both rein in workers' compensation costs and medical expenses associated with injuries and help employers avoid liability for negligence, increase employee morale and productivity, and cut absenteeism. A safety program analyzes a company's immediate needs and provides for ongoing, long-lasting worker protection. Once it is designed, the program should be applied in the workplace. A safety program serves to anticipate, identify, and eliminate conditions or practices that could result in work-related injuries and illnesses. Ideally, the process of developing a workplace safety program will involve employees in its creation. ● Unsafe Employee Actions Amisa PPT. The first approach in a safety program is to create a psychological environment and employee attitudes that promote safety. A corporate culture needs to exist in which employees are involved and engaged and have the opportunity to provide input on changes to their workplace Script Unsafe employee actions happen anytime, when an employee fails to abide by safety rules and protocols. It includes fighting,horseplay or performing a job without the necessary safety equipment.So as the training and orientation of new employees emphasizing safety is especially important.For the first approach, it indicated that as the workplace changes everyone should be aware. And companies should create a strong company policy that prioritizes the safety of the employee. . Because creating a truly safe environment requires the cooperation of everyone, from top management to the lowest-level employee. Although every employee in a company should be encouraged to think of solutions to potential safety issues, the company's managers must take the lead. ● Unsafe Working Conditions( A) The second approach to safety program design is to develop and maintain a safe physical working environment Script Unsafe working conditions are any that pose a risk to anyone anticipated to be on the premises of the place of employment or who has permission to do so. Employers may be unable to do their jobs properly and run the risk of harm to their health and safety due to these situations.For the second approach, it focuses on preventing accidents. Management should create a physical environment in which accidents cannot occur. Even if Joe, a machine operator, has been awake all night with a sick child and can barely keep his eyes open, the safety devices on his machine will help protect him. Script (JHA) can have a major impact on safety performance. It results in a detailed written procedure for safely completing many tasks within a plant. It is needed para makapag trabaho ng ayos at the same time malayo sa peligro ang lahat inside a workplace for example yung mga electric company lalo na yung mga line man nila kaylanagan nila yan kasi sila yung mas prone sa accident kasi sila yung naakyat baba sa mga poste (SARA) It is intended to encourage the safe handling and control of hazardous chemicals in fixed facilities. Major portions of SARA deal directly with assessing chemicals and developing an emergency plan should hazardous materials be released into the atmosphere. (empLoyee InvoLvement) To prevent accidents, each worker must make a personal commitment to safe work practices. Hindi yung may safety program nga na ginagawa yung company tas hindi naman sineseryoso ng mga empleyado edi bale wala din (Safety engineer) are responsible for making the workplaces safe by reducing hazards, and producing assured and safe products. ● Accident Investigation-(Steph) PPT -Accident investigation is the process of determining the root causes of accidents, on-the-job injuries, property damage, and close calls in order to prevent them from occurring again. An accident results in an injury, an organization should carefully evaluate each occurrence. - The safety engineer and the line supervisor usually jointly investigate accidents. Script: Accident investigation will lead you to the real cause of why something happened, and armed with that knowledge, you can take affirmative steps to prevent future accidents from occurring. Dapat naeevaluate agad after they occur. Since, In conducting an incident investigation, the team must look beyond the immediate causes of an incident. HOW DO YOU DO IT? accidents should be investigated as soon as possibleafter mangyari ng accident. The goals of a timely and thorough accident investigation should be to: • determine the cause of the accident • prevent the accident from happening again • improve health and safety conditions in the workplace • determine whether a violation of federal or state safety and health standards contributed to the accident • determine company or individual liability in case of future legal action • determine the need for repairs or replacement of damaged items It is far too easy, and often misleading, to conclude that carelessness at failure sa pagsunod sa instruction alone was the cause of an incident. Nagreresult ng fails to discover the underlying or root causes of the incident, and therefore fails to identify the systemic changes and measures needed to prevent future incidents. When a shortcoming is identified, it is important to ask why it existed and why it was not previously addressed. For example: If a procedure or safety rule was not followed, why was the procedure or rule not followed? Was the procedure out-of-date or safety training inadequate? If so, why had the problem not been previously identified, or, if it had been identified, why had it not been addressed? -One of the responsibilities of any supervisor is to prevent accidents. To do so, the supervisor must learn, through active participation in the safety program, why accidents occur, how they occur, where they occur, and who is involved. Supervisors gain a great deal of knowledge about accident prevention by helping to prepare accident reports, Moreover line supervisors can uncover hazards associated with the operations of the company. These hazards can be eliminated or controlled, allowing the organization's systems to function smoothly and profitably. ● Evaluation of Safety Programs- Janna PPT Injury Frequency rate = (Number of Recordable Injuries * 200,000) divided by the number of hours worked. The 200,000 figure is the equivalent of 100 full-time employees working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks a year. Explanation Perhaps the best indicator of a successful safety program is a reduction in the injury frequency rate. OSHA’s formula is (read the formula on the slide) Other OSHA metrics currently in use include total cases, nonfatal cases without lost work- days, total lost workday cases, cases with days away from work, and measure of fatalities. In addition to program-evaluation criteria, an effective reporting system helps to ensure that acci- dents are reported and receive attention. This is important because almost half of workplaces inspected by OSHA are for underreported numbers of employee injuries or illnesses. Organizations must use the conclusions derived from an evaluation for them to be of any value in improving the safety program. Gathering data and permitting this information to collect dust on the safety director’s desk will not solve problems or prevent accidents. Accident investigators must transmit evaluation results upward to top management and downward to line managers to generate improvements. ● Workplace Bullying - Ayessa PPT Workplace Bullying - includes acts of continual hostile conduct that deliberately hurt another person emotionally, verbally, or physically. Two Types: ● Physical Bullying ● Psychological Bullying Status Blind Harassment- the term used to separate workplace bullying from workers protected under federal and state statutes. - Developing a culture that does not accept bullying is important for a company. - Bullying should not be tolerated by the employer or it will result in critical intangible consequences for the organization. - In the Philippines, workplace bullying is not covered by any specific law. There were previous efforts to legislate similar laws to apply to the workplace: ● House Bill 815 - filed with the House of Representatives in 2016 ● Senate Bill Number 1217 - filed in 2019. SCRIPT: Bullying has been included in the definition of workplace violence since nagiging common na s'ya sa workplace and possible predictor ng physical violence. So workplace bullying, it is any agressive acts na ginagawa ng isang employee intentionally to physically, emotionally, or verbally hurt another person. So, once may ginawa ka para sadya s'yang saktan ang isang employee kahit through words lang yan, bullying na yan. There are two types of bullying - physical and psychological. In physical bullying, involve dito ang intimidation or threatening actions. Pagsigaw sa isang employee, Threats, sabotaging the victim’s work, insulting him/her in front of coworkers, pamimisikal mo, pagtulak nang malakas, paghampas mo on purpose - that is physical bullying. In psychological bullying - involves activities such as jokingly ridiculing a person in a harmful manner or even staring at somebody in a hostile way. This is personally attacking people. Making jokes about the weakness or physical flaw of an individual. Ginagawa mong katatawanan ang isang tao infront of other people.It also includes making a big issue of each other's differences. Yung pagjoke about sa beliefs ng isang tao, ethnicity n'ya, sexual preference. These have traumatic psychological effect sa sa isang individual. ● Experts use the term “status-blind” or “equal-opportunity harassment” para ma-distinguish workplace bullying from harassment targeted at classes of workers protected under federal and state laws. Regardless of the state of legislative initiatives, wise businesses are taking action para ma-eliminate ang bullying. Kasi kahit na hindi s'ya mapunta sa korte, damaging s'ya sa productivity and morale ng employee . workplace violence, many businesses have formal policies that forbid it. Usually, the policy is described in an employee handbook. Ano ba tong handbook na ito? Ito yung Company culture, values, and a mission statement. Human resource and legal information as well as rights and obligations related to employment. Realistic expectations; both what the company expects to see from its employees and what employees can expect from the company. ● Individual and Organizational Characteristics to Monitor (Kylla) ● Monitoring Employee Aggression ○ screening out violent people, in an attempt to detect employees who commit minor aggressive acts and exhibit certain behaviors. ○ Once identified, these people are required to meet with trained staff members for counseling as long as needed. ● Behaviors that signals problem ○ erratic behavior ○ increased irritability or hostility ○ reduced quality of work ○ poor organizational and time management skills ○ Absenteeism ○ physical exhaustion ■ Workers who harm or murder their coworkers are likely to be employees who recently experienced a negative change in employment status, including those who have been fired, whose contracts have not been renewed, or who have been suspended because of a dispute with management. ● Preventive Actions (Manalo) ○ The best protection employers can offer is to establish a zero tolerance policy for workplace violence by and against employees. ■ Early detection of worker anger ■ Trained supervisors and HR ■ Policies ● Such as banning weapons ■ Safety Measures ● CCTV ● Panic button ● Emergency exit ● Home defense kit ● Lockdown Protocols ● Security personnels