SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPER, High school final essays of Family and Consumer Science

Download SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPER and more High school final essays Family and Consumer Science in PDF only on Docsity! FACTORS INFLUENCING STEM STUDENTS OF VICENTE D. TRINIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL IN ONLINE SHOPPING A Marketing Research presented to Vicente D. Trinidad National High School Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements in Practical Research II Samuel R. Mallo (Names) (Date)________ I. List of figures Figure 1. Number of Online shoppers according to Sex.....................................................................................................19 Figure 2. Number of online shoppers from the ABM Strand…...........................................................................................20 Figure 3. Comparative graph of the Factors’ average scores...............................................................................................26 II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to give thanks first and foremost to our God. The researchers thank Him for He has given us guidance, protection, and love all throughout the research process. They thank Him for the wonderful journey of learning and knowledge. It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the researchers’ deepest gratitude to Mrs Cristina Meñez, our research adviser, for suggesting the point of the study, supervision of the work, invaluable guidance, generous advice, and support during the study. It was a great honor to finish this study under her supervision. As she also shared experiences on research and have made the Research class light yet knowledgeable and deep. The researchers would also like to acknowledge Mrs. Amelia De Leon, Research Statistician, for her overflowing support in the whole research process. The researhcers would like to acknowledge her given tips and guidance about what should be done. Data gathering process would not be done without the presence of Angelo Estrada from Grade 11- Acuity, Tracy Trocino from Grade 11-Altruism, Cedric Nepomuceno from Grade 11-Amity, Alain Bondoc from Grade 11-Artistry, Elijah Cuevas from Grade 12-Abundance, Javi Go from Grade 12-Acceptance, and Maria Savella from Grade 12-Achievement. The researchers would like to send their acknowledgement for the help they have given during the data gathering part of the research. Abstract This study aims to investigate the most evident factor that greatly influences the online shopping behaviour of Senior High School students of Far Eastern University Diliman. The factors are convenience, time saving, price and trust. A survey questionnaire was adapted from Thananuraksakul’s study on Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior: A Study of Thai Consumers. The researchers conducted a pre-survey to know who were the ones that really engage in shopping online were. The data gathering process was conducted to Grade 11 and Grade 12 students who are currently taking up Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) that have experiences online shopping. The responses were under a Likert scale and was calculated through an average. The scores between the factors were compared. This is to know what factor motivates them to shop online. This study may also open a possible debate whether it is more practical to shop online or to go straight to the mall and buy the product. A total of 187 out of 308 students from the Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand was surveyed for the fulfilment of the study. Keywords: online shopping, online shopping behavior, factors, influences. shopping behavior of Senior High School ABM students from FEU Diliman. In this light, the research will focus on the factors and its impact on the online shopping behavior of Senior High School ABM students. 1.1 Literature Review This part of the research aims to educate the readers as to why there is a need to conduct a research about this topic. The researchers will highlight necessary information about the variables that would enlighten them about its background as they conduct the research study. In this way, the researchers could be able to back up the topic with essential details. The researchers would review related articles and studies in order to generate useful information for the research as well as to give a proper guide as the research progresses. As media is rampant within the society, it is inevitable to actually engage with its different forms every day and it is undeniably making a huge impact on people’s lifestyle and societal actions in general. With the different tools that enable access to the Internet, people have higher chances of being exposed to its content and features. According to an infographic published by rappler.com, “A Profile of Internet Users in the Philippines”, on average, a Filipino spends 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop and tablet using the Internet and among the activities that these people do with their online access, 29% are used to do online shopping based on the survey conducted by Rappler. The researchers wish to provide adequate background about the topic as well as respond to previous research discrepancies. Online Shopping Behavior As this kind of platform is emerging, it is undeniably patronized by most. Based on studies, online shopping is a new business strategy in Asian countries (Ecommerce Asia 2019). According to the study of Shahzad (2015), online shopping is basically a process of selling and buying goods and services on the World Wide Web. For online shopping to actually take place, consumers must have access to and knowledge of the Internet if they want to shop online as said by Muda, et al. (2015). Online markets which enables online shopping are fast-growing as well. From a report on Philippine Star, according to Samie Lim, Chairman of the Philippine Retailers Association, the online retail market now accounts for about five to six percent of the total retail market from just one to two percent a few years ago. This means that people are seeing something from these online markets that made them worth buying from. From the study of Shahzad (2015), the internet has become an important medium of communication and online shopping. People can search for products and information 24 hours a day over the internet where a wide selection of products is available. Through the statement, the researchers could say that it is an active, faster and healthy platform to exchange goods and services in. It also denotes that there are many users and active participators in the process of buying products from the Internet. The actions made by a person as he/she partakes in the process of choosing and buying products such as goods and services is called his/her online shopping behavior. Online shopping behavior actualizes through the acquisition of products using the internet. According to the report of rappler.com, 5 out of 10 Filipinos have already experienced online shopping and 29% of time used online, through the availability of the Internet, are allotted to online shopping. From the report of Philippine Retailers Association regarding Southeast Asia’s internet economy growing fast than expected, they have said that 140 minutes are allotted to shopping online every month. Southeast Asians spend almost twice as much time as Americans in e-commerce marketplace making Southeast Asia to have an 88.1 billion e-commerce by 2025. According to the study, Online Shopping Behavior Study 2015 by MasterCard, it stated 40.4% of the Filipinos access the internet to shop. This kind of positive behavior that Filipino online shoppers do as a response to the platform like it is another kind of necessity may possibly take online market to greater heights and may boost the online economy into a larger scale. Online shopping behavior is determined through the impact of factors surrounding it. Factors affecting Online Shopping Behavior Convenience Based on studies, this is one of the factors that makes consumers choose to engage in online shopping rather than the traditional kind of shopping experience since convenience enables you to just shop any time of the day, whatever you are wearing, and whenever you are heading. According to dictionary.com, convenience is anything that saves or simplifies work, adds to one’s ease or comfort etc., as an appliance, utensil, or the like. The implication is that online markets not just provide desirable products but also convenience that promotes the comfort of its consumers. According to Reile (2017), convenience is the best aspect of online shopping. This is the main reason why people feel that shopping online is a major benefit in their lives because it saves them time all day long. Rather than going out and taking extra time shopping for a product individuals can save their time and spend it doing things they really want to do. With such a wide variety of different retailers, there are just about every sort of store. Consequently, access to internet allows for convenience to come in service since online markets are only accessible within the context of the internet. As it become a vital factor affecting online shopping, it become the edge that consumers look after for since it provides something physical stores could not. According to Jain (2018) by claims for convenience as one of the most important advantage for online shopping. The researchers have found that convenience is truly one of the factors that provokes one’s online shopping behavior. As per Sivakumar and Gunasekaran (2017) findings about convenience and variety seeking’ are major motivating factors of online shopping. Time Saving When consumers engage in online shopping, they unconsciously see that they are saving time as they take part in the process. Time saving, as defined by Collins Dictionary, is shortening the length of time required for an operation, activity, etc. According to Reile (2017), it states that time saving is one of the reasons why consumers opt to online shop. Time saving in online shopping happens when consumers do not have to wait for parking lines, can browse whenever they like, and will not have to queue in long lines. One of the key features of online grocery shopping from foodtown.com is that you can choose a delivery time frame when it is most convenient for you. According to the same website, grocery shopping online for home delivery allows you the pleasure of shopping from your dining room table, your couch, or your office, without navigating crowded aisles and lengthy cashier lines. This may result to more time doing necessary things. According to Agag and El-Masry (2016), one possible explanation that online shopping saves time during the purchasing of goods and it can eliminate the traveling time required to go to the traditional store. Although some consumers see online shopping as not an area for time saving since there are delivery and shipping times, many still go online shopping since it provides an opportunity to shop at other countries as well as other places and the comfort of choosing whenever to buy. According to the study of Badenhorst-Weiss and Weber (2016), the researchers have concluded that time saving factor was reported to be primary reason among those consumers who have already experienced the online grocery buying. Price Within the society, when people go shopping it is inevitable to check on prices and its value as it is a huge factor of product assessment as well as its perceived importance to us. According to the Business Dictionary, price is a value that will purchase a finite quantity, weight, or other measure of a good or service. Suggested retail price denotes the price that a consumer product is expected to be sold at over the counter and in stores. (Ilano, 2016) According to an article of Donna L. Montaldo, When It Is Best to Shop Online and When It Is Not, from thebalance.com, price-comparison websites make deal hunting easier and also help guide shoppers to online stores with the best reputations by posting reviews submitted by other shoppers. Since online markets enable its consumers to browse whenever and however they like, price comparison between products from different manufacturers could occur. Since online stores offer customers with variety of products and services. It gives customers more chances to compare price from different websites and find the products with lower prices than buying from local retailing stores (Chang, 2017). Pricing is a part of marketing mix, that it is a factor used to stimulate the consumer, and reflects your value and reinforces the brand. These online markets also offer deals and promos simply because they want to attract their customers. According to quartsoft.com, because many people use the Internet to find cheaper items, online business owners understand this. They will usually reduce their profit margin to get more customers. Comparability also comes along with the essence of 1.4 Theoretical Framework In this literature, the researchers use the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which is discussed as follows: 1.4.1 The Theory of Planned Behavior This theory was built on the Theory of Reasoned Action in 1985 (cited in Ramus and Nielsen, 2005, p.336) by adding one construct to it; Perceived Behavioral Control. The new construct was added in order provide a better prediction of the user's performance behavior. It was developed to predict individual intention behavior of technology adoption. It has also been validated by previous studies (Cook et al, 2002; George, 2004; Hansen et al, 2004; Limayem et al, 2000; Ramus and Nielsen, 2005; Shim, Eastlick, Lotz, and Warrington, 2001; Zhang et al 2004) and is worthy for predicting consumers' intent behavior in marketing and consumer behaviour areas, while the Technology Acceptance Model is good for finding user acceptance in the technology area known as the 21 st Century. It is also more developed than other models, such as the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. It was developed by Ajzen (Ajzen, 1991; George, 2004; Limayem et al, 2000), and it is extended (figure 2.1) from the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Because of these factors, the Theory of Planned Behaviour was selected as the theoretical base in this study corresponding to the objectives of the research. In addition, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been widely used in many articles (Athiyaman, 2002; Cook et al, 2002; George, 2002, 2004; Hansen et al, 2004; Hsu, and Chiu, 2004; Kalafatis, Pollard, East and Tsogas, 1999; Limayem et al, 2000; Ramus and Nielsen, 2005; Rhodes, and Courneya, 2003; Shim et al 2001) with a focus on purchase Factors affecting Online Shoping Behavior convenience time saving price trust Online Shopping Behavior intention as well as on the Internet shopping. It is suitable for finding consumers' behavioural intentions based on three independent variables; (1) Attitude towards the behaviour, (2) Subjective Norm, and (3) Perceived Behavioural Control. Attitudes are a person's beliefs based on the results and values of his/her behavior whether in a positive manner or negative manner (Ajzen, 2002; Francis, Eccles, Johnston, Walker, Grimshaw, Foy, Kaner, Smith, and Bonetti, 2004). As advised by Francis et al (2004), Subjective Norm is "A person's own estimate of the social pressure to perform or not perform the target behavior." (p.9) Perceived Behavioral Control is about a person who has a belief in and control over his/her ability to perform the task by him/herself whether this person is successful in the task or not (Ajzen, 2002; Francis et al, 2004). These three keys are components, which influences the buying intentions of a person. For instance, a person's attitude may influence his/her intention to buy something, a person's subjective norm may influence his/her intention to buy something, and his/her perceived control perception may influence his/her intention to buy something In conclusion, in order to have credible variables and findings in this research, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used. The reason is that, this theory is the most appropriate in well established markets for finding consumers' behavioral intentions toward buying products online in response to the objective of this research (George, 2002, 2004; Limayem et al, 2000; Ramus and Nielsen,2005;Soetal,2005). 1.5 Simulacrum According to studies, in some ways, these four factors triggers and motivates the online shopping behavior of consumers as they pursue these online markets. These factors are what stimulates consumers to continuously shop within the prospect of online shops and markets. Consumers see these factors as the edge of online shops from the traditional shops. As mentioned by Thananuraksakul (2007) in her research study, the most influential factors for online shopping from prior studies are convenience, and time saving (Bellman et al, 1999; Bhatnagar et al, 2000; Chang et al, 2004; Limayem et al, 2000; Sim and Koi, 2002) for online shoppers. Therefore, consumers assume that online shops and markets provide convenience and time saving option when they buy from it. According to the same source, sellers can easily learn how to operate online technology resulting to some products to become cheaper leading sellers to have a more competitive price to these products. Limayern et al (2000); as mentioned by Thananuraksakul (2007), used these factors in their study and found that it was significant. These factors are what consumers look for in an online shop. For instance, people would likely buy things online because of the convenience, time saving, and lower prices of products as well as their trust in the online shop (Bellman et al, 1999; Bhatnagar, 2000; Chang et al, 2004; Limayem et al, 2000; Sim and Koi, 2002; as mentioned by Thananuraksakul, 2007). From studies, earlier researchers have said that these factors could account to the online shopping behavior of consumers. According to a study conducted regarding the online shopping market in Malaysia, Madleberger (2006) have said that a recent study has shown that convenience is the main factor to influence shopper made online purchased. Convenience, as per consumers, is one of the reasons as to why they opt to choose to engage in online shopping since it provides comfort as well as ease of lifestyle to consumers. As earlier researchers go in depth regarding the topic, they have found that through asking consumers about why they purchased through the internet, and researchers found that convenience was the key point of that problem statement (Madleberger, 2006; Chen et al., 2002; Torkzadeh et al., 2002; Becerra et al., 2011). Basing on various previous studies, convenience is the most patronized factors of consumers. As for the incumbent researchers, they could say that convenience truly stimulates a consumer’s shopping As per I-Cube 2006, one of the reasons consumers choose online shopping is that it saves time and lessens effort. According to accountlearning.com, customers do not have to stand in queues in cash counters to pay for the products that have been purchased by them. They can shop from their home or workplace and do not have to spend time traveling. In this way, customers can maximize their time and use it at its potential, making way for more things done and accomplished. Based on the study of Childers et al., 2001; as mentioned by Katawetawaraks and Wang (2012), online shopping can be anywhere and anytime, it make consumers’ life easier because they do not have to stuck in the traffic, look for parking spot, wait in checkout lines or be in crowd in store. These are examples that proves that online shopping behavior is stimulated as well as motivated by time saving features that online shops and markets give. Price is one of the factors that lead consumer to online shop. Whether it be through promos and deals, price is a significant variable that determines the behavior. As stated by Nazir, et al., (2012), price was considered to be the most fascinating and affecting factor for the majority of students and the general public. Price is also part of the marketing strategy of a producer and it is used to stimulate the consumer and is also communicator, to negotiate and a competitive weapon. . It is estimated that this factor has a considerable influence on the consumers during their online shopping Brassington & Pettitt (2000). Since, one of the luring set ups of business are the deals and promos, it is inevitable for it to actually be the motivating factor for consumers. Online shopping customers are often offered a better deal, they can get the same product as they buy at store at a lower price (Rox, 2007; as mentioned by Katawetawaraks and Wang, 2011). Stores gives consumers ample time to browse variety of products, it gives customers more chances to compare price from different websites and find the products with lower prices than buying from local retailing stores (Lim and Dubinsky, 2004; as mentioned by Katawetawaraks and Wang, 2011). and will help the study to become more strand specific. This group will generate appropriate responses for the study as well as help the researchers in assessing the variables 2.3 Research Instrument For the researchers to generate and to have appropriate and necessary data for the research study, They will use survey questionnaires to collect data on the impact of a specific factor on students' online shopping behavior. In order to monitor the online shopping behavior of students in Grades 11 and 12, the researchers will also need to ask how frequently they shop online. The researchers will use a standardized survey that measures the same goals as the incumbent research study. The survey questionnaire was based from the study conducted by Thananuraksakul in 2007 about the Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior: A Study of Thai Consumers. This survey questionnaire presents situations and examples that exemplify a specific factor, to which respondents will respond using a Likert scale. In this way, the researchers will be able to identify the most obvious factor influencing online shopping behavior. Furthermore, the research will assess how frequently they shop online, allowing the researchers to quantify and demonstrate the respondents' online shopping habits. A consent was enclosed with the questionnaire to prove that the respondents are willing to participate in answering the survey questionnaire. These answers will be confidential and will only be used for this research. The research survey questionnaire contained two parts; first part is their allowance and the number of times when they used online shopping and the second part would be the survey part. It will measure how these factors stimulates the online shopping behavior 2.4 Statistical Treatment In order for the researchers to understand the content of the responses, they considered treating the responses through measures of central tendencies because the researchers will focus on what factors have the greatest impact, according to consumer responses, on online shopping behavior. Cristobal and Dela Cruz-Cristobal (2017) defined measures of central tendencies as indicators of where the center of the distribution tends to be located. It refers to the typical or average score in a distribution. The mean, in particular, will be used as the statistical treatment for the study. The researchers will calculate the average score for each factor based on the responses on the online shopping survey questionnaire and compare them to determine which factor has the greatest influence on students' online shopping behavior. This process is also used by Sultan and Uddin (2011) on their study about Consumers’ Attitude towards Online Shopping: Factors influencing Gotland consumers to shop online. According to Cristobal and Dela Cruz-Cristobal (2017), it is the exact mathematical center of a distribution. It is equal to the sum of all scores divided by the number of cases. Chapter 3 3.0 Results This research study is a quantitative in nature wherein it focuses on determining which among the factors mostly affect the online shopping behavior of the Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) students. The study involves rating the situations and examples based on a Likert scale and the responses will be quantified through measures of central tendency specifically mean. The scores of the factors that will be generated will be compared between the four factors only. The comparison would occur wherein the factors will be ranked according to the magnitude of the scores and the factor that will have the highest mean score is the factor that impacts their online shopping behavior. The respondents will answer a standardized survey questionnaire from Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior: A Study of Thai Consumers conducted by Thananuraksakul (2007). The questionnaire is divided into three parts. The first part is about the respondent’s demographics specifically his/her sex. The second part of the survey is about the monthly allowance of the respondents. The last part consists of situations wherein it expresses the different factors involved in the research. Further explanation will be given on this chapter. The researchers have already accumulated necessary data and information from the whole Accountancy, Business, and Management Strand (ABM). These would satisfy the research problem and help the researchers in studying the research. The data will be presented through different tables and graphs in order to be understood carefully and become easy to analyze. The process of gathering the respondents was feasible through the help of the class officers from each ABM section. They have requested them to ask from their respective sections which among the class have already engaged in online shopping. In this way, the researchers would be able to easily know whom among the students are online shoppers. Table 3.1: Number of online shoppers from each ABM Section. Section Female Male Total number of Online shoppers Total number of students in the class. Altruism 19 8 27 42 Artistry 18 10 28 43 Acuity 14 5 19 42 Amity 19 10 29 42 Abundance 17 9 26 46 Acceptance 14 9 23 47 Achievement 18 17 35 46 Total: 119 68 187 308 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 19 Number of Online Shoppers according to Sex 19 18 17 18 17 14 14 10 10 8 9 9 5 AltruismArtistryAcuityAmityAbundanceAcceptanceAchievement FEMALEMALE Figure 3.1: Number of Online shoppers according to Sex. The frequency table and graph presented above represents the distribution of the respondents per gender and what section those the respondents belong to. It shows that from the 308 population of the whole ABM Students, 187 students are considered as online shoppers, that is 60.7% of the total population of all ABM Students or approximately 61% of the population. From the 187 respondents, 103 students are from Grade 11 that is 55.08% of the total respondent population where 70 female and 33 male respondents constitutes to it. While Grade 12 consists of 84 students or 44.91% of the total population where 49 female and 35 male are the respondents. The researchers could quantify that the Grade 11 students generate more online shoppers as compared to Grade 12 students, since Grade 11 has more sections than Grade 12. Moreover, it can be seen that there are more female respondents than male respondents. On the data shown on Table 4.1 and Figure 4.2, 119 respondents are female and only 68 respondents are male, that is 28% less than the female respondents’ population. Based on the infographic published by paymentsense.co.uk on their Data Insights section last February 21, 2017, it says that 72% are female online shoppers and 68% are male online shoppers. Evidently, it shows that females are more involved in online shopping than men. 21. SHOPPING ONLINE IS A BAD IDEA 22. I KNOW WHAT TO DO WHEN I AM ONLINE Below, Table 3 shows the frequency distribution of the students’ responses to the questions set to be measured through a Likert scale. All the responses on each number account to 187, meaning all respondents were able to answer all questions and rate them according to their preference. The table presented below already groups the questions based on what factor it is under. The questions were already grouped based on what factor they fall under for the purpose of easily computing the respondent’s accumulated score on a specific factor. This will show how the students responded to a certain factor. Table 3.3: Frequency table of the online shopper’s responses. QUESTIONS S.D D. M.D N. M.A A. S.A TOTAL: Convenience FREQUENCY #1 9 2 8 54 29 41 44 187 #2 17 17 17 61 20 27 28 187 #3 3 12 19 55 42 24 32 187 #24 2 5 19 43 29 43 46 187 Time-Saving #4 3 9 16 41 48 38 32 187 #5 17 14 29 57 30 26 14 187 #6 2 11 24 59 45 24 22 187 #18 3 14 20 59 25 35 31 187 Price #7 4 5 18 52 45 26 37 187 #8 4 5 4 37 39 47 51 187 #9 8 7 5 36 43 48 40 187 #23 2 4 7 29 40 47 58 187 Trust #10 1 6 13 54 40 34 39 187 #11 13 17 42 73 29 6 7 187 #12 15 27 57 67 15 4 2 187 #13 10 28 21 43 29 27 29 187 #14 11 26 35 70 23 12 10 187 #15 8 29 30 58 25 24 13 187 #16 2 6 16 52 40 41 30 187 #17 5 1 17 50 33 49 32 187 #18 3 14 21 62 21 35 31 187 #19 4 5 15 47 54 38 24 187 #20 4 5 11 54 40 48 25 187 #21 18 26 46 46 11 13 27 187 #22 2 5 13 39 38 49 41 187 Legend: S.D = Strongly Disagree (1) M.A = Moderate Agree (5) D = Disagree (2) A = Agree (6) M. D = Moderate Disagree (3) S.A = Strongly Agree (7) N = Neutral (4) Table 3 expresses the total number of responses per legend that were made by the 187 student online shoppers. It presents how the rating of a student is distributed from the highest to the lowest numerical value. These responses already quantify and describe a student’s online shopping behavior making it reasonable to conduct for the researchers. It illustrates the number of responses made by the students to the questions under a specific factor. This will imply easier analysis and computation in the latter part of the research study. The table shows how many students responded based on their agreement on the questions. Their responses to the questions are measured through a Likert scale. The table also shows which questions are under what factor, the questions are as follows Analysis on the Four Factors After tallying the frequency of the responses of the students, the researchers will then calculate the responses given by the students and analyze its implication. It will be done per question and then through multiplying the frequency to the responses in the Likert scale, Strongly Disagree (1), Disagree (2), Moderate Disagree (3), Neutral (4), Moderate Agree (5), Agree (6), and Strongly Agree (7). After which, the researchers will divide the score to the number of respondents. Then, they will add the averages per question and divide it by the number of modules under that factor. Meaning, the higher the average score, the more the respondents agree to the factor, the more that factor affect their online shopping behavior. Then, they will show the findings of the data gathering process. This section will discuss and analyze the responses given to the questions under a specific factor. Convenience The convenience factor consists of four modules wherein it illustrates different examples or situations that show convenience when a shopper engages in online shopping. The responses are now multiplied based on the frequency table and the weight it falls under. Table 3.4: Calculated per factor score for Convenience QUESTIONS S.D D. M.D N. M.A A. S.A TOTAL: SCORE #1 9 4 24 216 145 246 308 952 5.09 #2 17 34 51 244 100 162 196 804 4.30 #3 3 24 57 220 210 144 224 882 4.72 #24 2 10 57 172 145 258 322 966 5.17 TOTAL: 19.27 AVG SCORE 4.82 Table 3.4 shows that Convenience factor has an average score of 4.82. Time-Saving Time saving factor shows occurrences wherein online shopping saves more time than the traditional shopping. The respondents will rate the modules based on their personal experiences on online shopping. Table 3.5: Calculated per factor score for Time-Saving QUESTIONS S.D D. M.D N. M.A A. S.A TOTAL: SCORE #4 3 18 48 164 240 228 224 925 4.95 #5 17 28 87 228 150 156 98 764 4.09 #6 2 22 72 236 225 144 154 855 4.57 #18 3 28 60 236 125 210 217 879 4.70 TOTAL: 18.30 AVG SCORE 4.58 Table 3.5 shows the Time-saving factor has an average score of 4.58 Price close competition as to what factor mostly affect the students as they engage in online shopping. It also shows that it students seek both as influencers in shopping online but price is what greatly influences them more. Following the convenience factor is the time-saving factor where it has an average score of 4.58. This shows that it still has a positive impact on the online shopping behavior but a lot less than the preceded factors. Coming in as the factor that least influences the students’ online shopping behavior is trust wherein it only has 4.44 average score. This shows that students have issues about security and safety when they engage in online shopping but it doesn’t mean that it doesn’t affect the online shopping behavior of students instead the trust factor less motivates shoppers to continue engaging online due to issues and personal reasons. The respondents also think that it is likely to practice security. Generally, the factor that greatly influences the online shopping behavior of the ABM students from the Senior High School (SHS) department is price and trust is the least influencing factor among the four. The factors were ranked to show that not because the factor has the lowest average score means that it doesn’t affect online shopping behavior but instead show that it is based on the calculated responses and based on its impact on how it influences and affects the online shopping behavior of students. Chapter 4 4.0 Discussion Online shopping has been an activity that caters the young and the old and it has been a rampant platform for innovation as well as trade. Understanding the factors involved in a shopper’s online shopping behavior not only benefits himself/herself but also the society he/she partakes, in the sense that the producers and sellers could aslo benefit from this and use the factors as marketing strategies and/or study it to improve the business. The problem that this research study aims to understand and respond to is knowing which among the factors has the most impact, in this case, also greatly influences the online shopping behavior of students. This study sought for the responses of the students under each factor wherein there are provided examples and situations that express the characteristics of a specific factor. There are asked to rate each situation or example according to their agreement and approval about the given scenario. This could only be made if the respondents have already engaged in online shopping since he/she will base her responses according to his/her past experiences in the course of online shopping. Moreover, the respondents are tasked to answer all items even if there would be exclusion of some items in the analysis. That is to maintain formality and confidentiality since it is a standardized survey questionnaire. After the researchers have analyzed and understood the data generated by the respondents and their responses on the survey questionnaire, the research could present the results of the research study after probing through it. The researchers accepts their first hypothesis (H1) wherein it states that all of these factors affect the online shopping behavior of consumers. The acceptance was made since the result of each average score of the factors are all positive and has high values, this illustrates that all of these affect and at the same time influence the online shopping behavior of students, it just happens that values have differences resulting to a possible ranking of the factors. On the second hypothesis (H2), the researchers have stated that convenience is the factor the greatly affects the online shopping behavior of consumers but unfortunately, the researchers rejects their H2 since the results of this study generated that price is the factor the greatly affects the online shopping behavior of consumers from the ABM strand garnering an average score of 5.24 The last hypothesis states that the least factor that affects the online shopping behavior of students is trust. This research’s H3 is accepted by the researchers since on the results of the factors’ average scores, trust’s corresponding score is the least compared to all other factors which is 4.44. This shows that the last hypothesis that the researchers’ have formulated is true and proven since statistics and responses show that trust is the least factor that affects the online shopping behavior of ABM students. Chapter 5 5.0 Conclusion In accordance to the inquiry about the research study on which factor greatly affects the online shopping behavior of students, the researchers concludes that the greater portion of the respondents are female in which the Grade 11 level constitutes the greater part on the population of the respondents, since Grade 11 has more sections compared to Grade 12. The researchers also concludes that the factor that greatly affects the online shopping behavior of ABM students is price. In this case, the students, who are also online shoppers, consider price as the factor that motivates them to shop online and engage theirselves in the platform. The respondents are more in favor of price wherein they check if the price is reasonable, price was really their focus and concern when they ventured in online shopping, there is price consideration when shopping online, and they are capable of engaging theirselves in online shopping. The factor that least influences the ABM students to shop online is trust where they give out low agreement to modules that states that the internet is said to be trustworthy and putting trust on the internet is a good idea. Meaning, the respondents see this is a high concern on their shopping behavior due to issues on security and safety. They also have low responses on module that defines the respondents as someone who knows what to do online. The highest score-garnering module on trust is about focusing and having a high concern on security breach since it is regarded as a major problem and hindrance when shopping online. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0047287516643185 Chang, G. (2017, February). 5 Ways Retailers can Add Value to their Customers. Retrieved from https://multichannelmerchant.com/blog/5-ways-retailers-can-add-value-to-their-customers/ Pricing Strategy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.marketingmo.com/strategic-planning/how-to-develop-a-pricing- strategy/ Bucko, J., Kakalejcik, L. & Ferencova, M. (2018, October). Online Shopping: Factors that affect consumer purchasing behaviour. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2018.1535751 Jain S. (2018). Top10Benefits of Online Shopping (and 10 disadvantages) Retrieved from ToughNickel:https://toughnickel.com/frugal-living/Online-shopping-sites-benefits Fuller (2016). Advantages of Shopping Online Retrieved from Aim Proximity Shopping: http://www.aimproximity.co.nz/advantages-of-shopping-online Bauboniene, Z., Guleviciute, G. (2015). E-Commerce factors influencing consumers’ online Shopping decision Bashir. D.R., Mehoob, I., Bhatti, W.K., (2015). Effects of online Shopping on Consumer-Buying Behavor: An Empirical Study of Pakistan Pham, Q.T., Tran, X.P., Misra, S.,Maskeliunas, R., Damasevicius, R. (2018). Relationship between convenience,perceived Value, And Repurchase Intention hopping in Vietnam. Jha, S. (2018). Factors influencing consumers Attitude towards Online Shopping In Koweatwor,Nepal Wood, M., (2016).Sale Inside: How Retailers are Using Online Promotions to Dominate Sales Retrieved from Business.com:https://www.business.com/articles/how-retailers-are-dominating-with-online-promotions/ INFORMED CONSENT FORM Dear Participant, PLEASE READ THIS DOCUMENT CAREFULLY. YOUR SIGNATURE IS REQUIRED FOR PARTICIPATION OF THIS RESEARCH. Research Title: Factors Influencing STEM 12 Students in Online Shopping Description of the Study: This research study aims to know which among the three factors – Personal, Financial and Social Influence – greatly influences consumers when they participate in online shopping. Nature of Participation: The respondents will answer a survey questionnaire that will help determine the results of the study conducted. Confidentiality: The data that the researchers will be collecting do not contain any personal information except the student’s gender and his/her weekly allowance. The information that your child will give will be solely used only in this research. Rest assured that your identity and your child’s identity will remain confidential. Opportunities to Withdraw at Will: If you decide at any point to withdraw this consent or stop participating, you are free to do so at no penalty. Thank you for your cooperation.  Yes, I acknowledge and understand my rights and the requirements of the study. By signing in this consent form, I am indicating my consent to be part of this study.  No, I refuse to take part in this study. SIGNATURE / DATE Letter to the Participants and Informed Consent Dear Participants, Good day! The undersigned are conducting a study on “THE FACTORS INFLUENCING STEM 12 STUDENTS IN ONLINE SHOPPING" as a partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 2. In line with this, we are asking your permission to answer the given questionnaire. Please fill out the needed information stated below. Your cooperation is highly appreciated. The data that the researchers will be collecting do not contain any personal information except the student’s gender and his/her weekly allowance. The information that you provide will be solely used for this research purpose only. Rest assured that your identity will remain confidential. Thank you very much! Respectfully yours, Samuel Mallo Aquino Rain Angelo Flores  Yes, I acknowledge and understand my rights and the requirements of the study. By signing in this consent form, I am indicating my consent to be part of this study.  No, I refuse to take part in this study. SIGNATURE / DATE I. Profile 1. Name (Optional) __________________________________ 2. Sex: M________ F_________ 3. Year Level_______________ 4. Weekly Allowance Below ₱200.00___________ ₱201.00 – 300.00 _________ ₱301.00 – ₱400.00 ________ ₱401.00 & above _________ 5. Frequency of Shopping Online Twice a month ______________ Thrice a month ______________ More than thrice a month ______________ FEU DILIMAN DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESS DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESSFEU DILIMAN Appendix B About the Researchers Clint Daeviz D.L. Bambalan, “Nothing of worth comes easy in life” These words describe who he is today. As a man with strong will, conviction, and integrity, he sees every challenge coming his way positively. Life in Far Eastern University has never been easy but with his driven heart, optimistic views, and with the help of his family, friends, and beloved teachers, he is able to go through every challenges of his life. His positive attitude and encouraging words can empower and inspire for he keeps in his heart the words “we must never lose hope”. His friends from other levels look up to him as a big brother, and his batchmates refer to him as that lively guy. If you would ask him how he wants to be remembered, he would say, “I want others to remember me whenever they smile” DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESSFEU DILIMAN Sharina Angelu S. Cudia is currently taking up a degree in Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Marketing. She’s a hard- working, responsible, and motivated student. Can do assigned tasked well- organized and coordinated to any task that she undertakes or situation that she presented with. She’s excellent in working individually or as part of a team to achieve a certain objective on time and with excellence. Goal-oriented. Excellent in critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills and ability to remain calm in stressful situations. FEU DILIMAN DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESS DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESSFEU DILIMAN Antoinette Rose F. Villona currently Bachelor of Science major in Marketing Management at FEU Diliman. She has her own business which is a clothing line. Her father inspires her to be an entrepreneur that’s why ever since, she dreamed of being like him someday. She believes that if you want to pursue something, do it now. Pursue your dreams, never stop dreaming and make your plans into reality DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTS AND BUSINESSFEU DILIMAN Appendix C Statistician Certification This is to certify that this marketing research entitled “Factors Influencing Purchase Behavior of ABM SHS Students of FEU Diliman in Online Shopping” prepared and submitted by Clint Daeviz D.L. Bambalan, Sharina Angelu S. Cudia, Emmie Rose C. Sapra, Kyla Tan, Joyce Anne M. Racho, and Antoinnette F. Villona in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management has been statistically reviewed by the undersigned Amelia D. De Leon Research Statistician