Understanding Migration: Causes, Consequences, and Trends, Essays (high school) of Economics

Download Understanding Migration: Causes, Consequences, and Trends and more Essays (high school) Economics in PDF only on Docsity! MIGRATION What is migration? Migration has been evident in our history for hundreds of thousands of years. Ever before the start of humanity, humans have been on the go, moving from one country to the next or even inside the same nation. According to Patricia, “Migration is the permanent relocation of an individual or group of people” (2020). People have been traveling to different locations leaving their ancestral homelands and settling in another place. In addition, migration is commonly associated with a change in one’s permanent address. In the United States. The US Border Patrol recorded over 200,000 encounters with migrants along the US-Mexico border in July, the highest monthly total in more than twenty years. (Gramlich, 2021). Mexico has been the top country of origin for the majority of the immigrant population in the United States. As a result of the unending struggles of poverty, persecutions, and violence. Most of the migrants desperately cross borders seeking a better life that they could not attain in their homeland. The Philippines is one of the world’s major migrant origin countries. According to Dela Cruz, “10 million Filipinos are residing abroad, and over 1 million Filipinos leave the country each year to work abroad.” (2021). Everywhere you go there’s a chance that you will come across a Filipino. Many Filipinos decided to work and settle abroad seeking to improve their lives. For Filipinos migrants, working overseas is not just temporary upkeep but rather it became a standard way of living. As a result of the establishment of PICOP in 1963, many individuals from other parts of the Philippines, particularly the Bisayas, have considered moving to Bislig. (Casiro & Catubig, 2019, p. 634). The successful operation of the Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines (PICOP), generated numerous job opportunities that attracted migrants from different regions in the Philippines. Moreover, it also captivated national and foreign investors. As more businesses and job opportunities were created, a lot of people migrated to Bislig, as a result the population of Bislig dramatically increased. There are numerous reasons that drive people to migrate. European Parliament (2020) stated that people leave their homelands for a variety of reasons, known as push factors. Pull factors are the reasons people relocate to a particular nation. Push factors, from the term “push”, are conditions that exist in the migrants’ homeland that encourage people to migrate to another country. This includes war, poverty, or violence. The Mexicans’ migration to the United States, considering the conditions that made them decide to migrate, best describes the push factors. Pull factors are directly contrary to push factors. Conditions in the destination country that motivates an individual or people to migrate are considered pull factors. Better economic opportunities, more employment, and better quality of life encourage people to move to another country. In the 1930s when the Philippines had a high rate of unemployment. Many of the Filipinos took the advantage of the opportunity to make a fresh start outside of the Philippines and moved to the United States. Migration has offered numerous advantages over the past decades. However, there is also a downside to migration. Migration posed several problems for both the country of origin of migrants and the receiving countries. One negative effect of migration is that the home country of the migrants may suffer labor shortages since people who have the capability to work will be moving to another country. Another negative effect is aging. According to the International Labor Organization, "young migrants account for more than 10% of the total 232 million global migrants, and they're the most mobile social group, accounting for the great majority of yearly migratory movements” (2021). In pursuit of a decent job, a better quality of living, and education, young people choose to cross the borders leaving a decrease in the birth rate, resulting in a higher aging population.