Lesson Plan: Understanding Simple Machines and Their Role in Nature and Everyday Life, Exams of Creative writing

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Science Lesson Plan Ranger Rick October 2008 Cool Tools Teacher: Maureen Stolte , Donzella Knight, and Mona Grainger Bell: 1 (90 Minutes) Date: July 8, 2009 Day: A SOL 3.2 The student will understand what force, motion, and energy are and how they are connected. 3.2.3 Identify, differentiate, and explain the function of the six types of simple machines (lever, screw, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, and wedge). 3.2.4 Demonstrate and explain how machines make work easier. 3.2.5 Classify specific examples of simple machines found in school and household items (screwdriver, nutcracker, screw, bicycle, flagpole pulley, ramp, and seesaw). 3.2.6 Identify the types of compound machines (wheelbarrow, scissors and bicycle) and the simple machines that compose them. 3.2.7 Analyze common household items and identify the simple and compound machines in them. SOL 3.4 The student will understand and investigate the basic needs and life processes or organisms, their physical characteristics, orderly changes in life cycles, adaptations and survival of the species. 3.3.2 Engage students in science career awareness activities to learn about zoologists. 3.3.4 Explain how an animal’s body parts assist animals in survival activities (gathering and storing food, finding shelter, defending themselves and rearing young). Following completion of this lesson, students will be able to: Recognize a connection between animals and the “tools” that nature has provided them with to survive and human use of simple machines and compound machines. Name 6 simple machines and their functions. Additional Subject Area Objectives: Science SOL 3.4 The student will understand and investigate the basic needs and life processes or organisms, their physical characteristics, orderly changes in life cycles, adaptations and survival of the species. 3.3.6 Compare the physical characteristics of animals and explain how animals are adapted to a certain environment. (SOL 3.4) Language Arts 3.1 Use a variety of reading comprehension strategies to gain meaning from print. 3.1.11 Read texts with fluency (rate, accuracy, phrasing, and expression) (SOL 3.4) 3.3.8 Support conclusions and inferences with information from text (SOL 3.6) Essential Terms: Lever Wedge Pulley Wheel Screw Wheel and axle Inclined plane Simple machines Compound machines Adaptations Habitat Beak Bill Material/Equipment: Textbook TV/VCR/DVD Coloring Items Video Scissors/Glue Transparencies Handouts Overhead/Pens Calculators Music Other White boards Other: Music IPOD Playlist: Eagle and the Hawk (John Denver) / Too Many Fish in the Sea (Mitch Ryder) / Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra) / Mack The Knife (Frank Sinatra) Aurora Nova (Dan Fogelberg) / Song of the Sea (Dan Fogelberg) / Birds (Elton John)/ The Flower That Shattered the Stone (John Denver) / Eagles and Horses (John Denver) / Fly Away (John Denver) Music IPODBrain Break: Chicken Dance Reading Selection copies: Cool Tools by Gerry Bishop from Ranger Rick October 2008 pages 16 -22 References: Textbook Curriculum Guide Newspaper Other http://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/science/simpmach/ Warm-up Activity: The students will sort simple machines on index cards by type. Procedures: 1. Go over the warm-up activity and review the Simple Machines vocabulary (See below). 2. Show the students various pictures of birds compare the birds in size and shape, then draw the students’ attention to the birds’ bill or beak and reflect on how the bill might help them get their food. 3. Read aloud Cool Tools by Gary Bishop from Ranger Rick October 2008 on pages 16. Have the students get into groups of three or four. Give each group a plastic utensil, then have group discuss the type of machine that a knife, fork, and spoon. After all groups have had a chance to discuss, each group will share their thoughts. 4. Walking around to music the students will find a partner. 5. The partners will sit down and read Cool Tools by Gary Bishop. (Ranger Rick October 2008 on pages 16 – 22.) 6. The students will work with their partner to complete the Cool Tools Making the Connection worksheet to answer questions about the birds and how their bills operate similar to a simple machine 7. Mix Freeze Group: The students will form groups of three or four. 8. Simple or complex machine. 9. Discuss the students’ answers to the Cool Tools Making the Connection worksheet. 10. Brain Break: Chicken Dance Student Evaluation: Test Homework Check Quiz Oral Review Student self-evaluation Group Production Teacher observation Other Lesson Evaluation: Great Changes needed Other Other: Literacy Center Ideas: Research simple machines in the computer lab Make a foldable about simple machines that includes a drawing and the function of the machine. Differentiation: Students work with peer buddies to the Ranger Rick article. All tasks are respectful to the students understanding, age, and level of performance. Bag task allows student choice and tasks reflect multiple intelligences. Simple Machines Vocabulary force an influence on the shape, motion, or other characteristics of a body or system. friction the resistance of a surface to relative motion, as of an object sliding or rolling over it. fulcrum the point of support on which a lever turns. inclined plane a plane surface inclined at less than a right angle to a horizontal surface, used to roll or slide a load up or down. lever any of a class of basic tools consisting of a rigid bar or an equivalent, acting by pivoting around a fixed fulcrum to transfer applied force from one point to another. load an amount of something carried; cargo or freight. machine a man-made device, usu. driven by a motor or engine, with a system of interrelated parts that work together to perform a task. axle a supporting bar or shaft on which, or by means of which, a wheel or wheels turn. power physical, mechanical, or electrical energy. pull to bring or try to bring closer by exerting force upon. pulley a wheel or set of wheels with grooved edges over which a rope or chain can be drawn in order to change the direction of a pulling force and increase the capacity for lifting weight. push to thrust (something) away. screw a fastener, usu. metal, having a sometimes tapered shank with a helical thread, driven into a surface by applying pressure to the head while turning it. spring an elastic device or object that regains its original shape after being compressed, stretched out, or otherwise distorted. tool an instrument, such as a hammer, drill, or other hand-held device, used for doing work. torque the measured ability of a force to produce turning or twisting around an axis, such as a gear or shaft. wedge a piece of wood or metal in a three-dimensional, triangular shape with a thin edge that is driven or forced between objects to split, lift, or reinforce them. wheel any instrument, device, or apparatus resembling such a disk or frame in shape, motion, or function. work physical or mental effort directed toward achieving some result; labor.