Science Technology and Society, Study Guides, Projects, Research of History of Science and Technology

Download Science Technology and Society and more Study Guides, Projects, Research History of Science and Technology in PDF only on Docsity! SCIENTIFIC METHOD It is the logical process adopted by scientists to develop knowledge of nature and present it as an acceptable fact. is a method on gathering empirical data through; * observation * experimentation * formulation and testing of hypotheses STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1. MAKE AN OBSERVATION - step of the scientific method using five senses 2. ASK A QUESTION - once a scientist finds an interesting thing to study, they need to ask a question that hopefully they can answer. 3. DOBACKGROUND RESEARCH - Use reliable sources * Google Scholar * untamedscience.com! 4. FORM AHYPOTHESIS - is a logical predictive statement regarding the outcome of the research. * Educated guess * prediction - Falsifiable (possible to be proved wrong) 5. CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT Experiment * can be very quick or take years—some experiments have even been going on for hundreds of years. * tests the observations and brings out results that add to the knowledge of the phenomena. 6. ANALYZE RESULTS AND DRAW A CONCLUSION statistical tests -done to make sure they’re reading the results correctly - time when scientists decide whether to accept or reject the hypothesis. According to Aristotle * happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue. * having one’s heart in the right place is not good enough: being a good person requires a kind of practical intelligence as well as a good disposition. * should begin ethical inquiry by specifying what constraints on behavior it would be reasonable to agree to. Aristotle divides the virtues into; * Moral virtues « Intellectual virtues VIRTUE character traits and tendencies to act in a particular way. Nicomachean Ethics, eleven (11) virtues: 1. Courage * midpoint between cowardice and recklessness. * courageous person is aware of the danger but goes in any way 2. Temperance * between overindulgence and insensitivity. * Aristotle would view the person who never drinks just as harshly as the one who drinks too much. 3. Generosity * between miserliness and giving more than you can afford. * the virtue of charity 4. Magnificence * between stinginess and vulgarity. * the virtue of living extravagantly. * Aristotle sees no reason to be ascetic but also warns against being flashy. 5. Magnanimity * between not giving yourself enough credit and having delusions of grandeur. * the virtue relating to pride * It is a given that you also have to act on this sense of self- worth and strive for greatness. 6. Right ambition * a disposition to aim at the intermediate between empty vanity and undue humility. 7. Patience * this is the virtue that controls your temper. * The patient person must neither get too angry nor fail to get angry when they should. 8. Truthfulness * the virtue of honesty. * between the vices of habitual lying and being tactless or boastful. Robert Dennis Harris * published Truths of the Information Age where he detailed some facts on the information age. William Gates * founded the software company Microsoft Corporation. Thomas Alva Edison * invented the; light bulb the phonograph and the motion picture camera as well as improving the telegraph and telephone. The Labor Force before information age focus in manufacturing of good. James R. Messenger * proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982 “the Information Age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real-time and as-needed basis." Internet *contains a vast collection of highly valuable information but it may also contain unreliable, biased information that mislead people. www World Wide Web HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol The web media is the collection of interconnected documents linked by hyperlinks and URLs The social media - facilitates the creation and sharing of information and ideas * 89% of typical households owns mobile phones. Positive effects of automation higher production rates and increased productivity « shorter workweeks for labor * reduced factory lead times ¢ Better product quality * improved safety Negative effect of automation * higher level of maintenance During Galileo's and Newton's time people was viewed as complicated mechanical machines.