Understanding Anxiety Disorders: Definitions, Subtypes, Causes, and Treatments, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Understanding Anxiety Disorders: Definitions, Subtypes, Causes, and Treatments and more Quizzes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Anxiety Aspects DEFINITION 1 Comorbid with many other thingsAversive : it is the aversiveness that motivatesbehaviorDisruptive:. People find it hard to think when they are super-anxious,perform well, etc. It has psychological and biological aspects. TERM 2 Shuttle Box example? DEFINITION 2 Electric grid, wall between two sides of the grid, not impossible to getover, light on either side of the grid.Run conditioning experiment, turn the light on on one side, electrifygrid on that side, person will try to get to the other side, ESCAPE, willhave same arousal reaction to the light, and instead of escaping willAVOID, so initial escape then avoidanceDeactivate grid, but keep light, will still jump to the other side, willcontinue to follow this pattern forever (or almost forever)Light paired with grid is classical conditioning! TERM 3 Fear DEFINITION 3 Emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger. Rationalapprehension. Strong sympathetic nervous system arousal. TERM 4 Anxiety DEFINITION 4 A negative mood state characterized by bodily sensations of physicaltension and by apprehension about the future danger or misfortune. TERM 5 Panic Attack DEFINITION 5 Intense fear (panic) occurring at an inappropriate time (in theabsence of an objective threat). It is accompanied by intense physicalsymptoms. TERM 6 Phobia DEFINITION 6 Persistent, excessive, or unreasonable fear of a specific object orsituation. The fear is irrational in that it does not match the objectivedangers of the situation. Must last 6 months The phobic object is avoided or tolerated only with excessive anxietyor distress Interferes with daily life functioning. TERM 7 Subtypes of Specific Phobia DEFINITION 7 Blood-Injury-Injection (BII)Animal TypeNatural Environment TypeSituationalOther TERM 8 Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia Subtype DEFINITION 8 People w/ this type differ inphysiological responses compared to other types of phobias. Instead of the usual surge in sympathetic nervous system activity andincreased HR and BP, there is a marked decrease in HR and BP. 75% faint. Can lead to avoidance of medical and dental care. Run in families TERM 9 Animal Phobia Subtype DEFINITION 9 Includes animals and insectsPeak onset is around 7 years old TERM 10 Natural Environment Phobia Subtype DEFINITION 10 Ex. storms, heights, water.These tend to cluster.If you have one (storms) you are likely to have another (water). TERM 21 Generalized psychological Vulnerability DEFINITION 21 The sense that things areuncontrollable, unpredictable, and dangerous.Childhood experiencesof unresponsive, over- productive and over-restrictive parenting aspossible risk factors TERM 22 Specific Psychological Vulnerability DEFINITION 22 Something more immediate andfocused.Ex: being bitten or told that dogs are dangerous.This specificvulnerability focuses on the other two risk factors. TERM 23 Anxiety Disorder Treatment DEFINITION 23 The treatment of choice for all of the anxiety disorders is, in its mostgeneral form Exposure and Response Prevention!!! TERM 24 Exposure and Response Prevention DEFINITION 24 Think:What do you expose them to?What response do you prevent? Every more specific treatment is really geared toward accomplishingExposure and Response prevention. TERM 25 Types of Exposure/ Response Prevention Approaches DEFINITION 25 1. Gradual Includes In Vivo Exposure and Systematic Desensitization and Modeling2. Dramatic Includes Flooding TERM 26 In Vivo Exposure DEFINITION 26 Exposing someone to the feared object in the realworld. Construct a fear hierarchy Gradually progress up the fear hierarchy, moving from least tomost feared stimuli (sounds like shaping) TERM 27 Systematic Desensitization DEFINITION 27 Gradual exposure using imagination, whilethe person remains deeply relaxed. (Works well when exposure in thereal world is not possible or desirable) Construct a fear hierarchy Teach relaxation skills (you can't be relaxed and anxious) Expose the person via imagination while they remain relaxed It is still best to include real world exposure if possible andadvisable (fear of flying, eventually you want them to get on aplane TERM 28 Flooding DEFINITION 28 Expose them to the most feared object and not letting themleave.Not used much anymore, not necessary. TERM 29 Modeling DEFINITION 29 This is vicariousexposure.It can be used alone with some success, or in conjunctionwith In Vivo Exposure. TERM 30 Separation Anxiety Disorder DEFINITION 30 Children's excessive, unrealistic, and persistent fear that something willhappen to: Their parents or other important people in their lives Or happen to them that will lead to separation from their parents TERM 31 Panic Attacks DEFINITION 31 Panic attacks are not a disorder!- short shallow breathing, chest pains, etc. thinkthey're going to die, feeling out of control, helplessness, some depression- attack is sudden and builds rapidly to a peak- often accompanied by a sense of imminent danger, doom, and an urgeto escape/flee. TERM 32 Three Types of Panic Attacks DEFINITION 32 1. Situationally bound. It only occurs in specific situations. This could betrue in specific phobias or social phobia2. Situationally predisposed. More likely in some situations but notinevitable in that situation3. Unexpected. The person doesn't know where or when the next one willoccur. TERM 33 Panic Disorder DEFINITION 33 Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed bypersistent concern about having another. TERM 34 Agoraphobia with Panic Disorder DEFINITION 34 Anxiety about being in places or situations in whichescape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not beavailable, in the event of having a panic attack.- Physical and social restraints involved- Leads to avoidance of situations: beingoutside the home, in a crowd, home alone, etc.- Aversive - fleeing panic in a maladaptive way- "Fear of fear" TERM 35 Panic Disorder Treatment DEFINITION 35 - Exposure and response prevention- Panic control therapy for panic attacks: graduatedexposure to feared somatic sensations and modifications about theperson's attitude towards them.- Drugs- Relaxation, breathing, cognitive coping statements TERM 46 Mood Disorder Diagnostic Categories DEFINITION 46 Major depressive disorder (MDD)Bipolar disorder (a.k.a. manic depressive)Dysthymic Disorder (DD)Cyclothymic TERM 47 Major depressive episode diagnostic criteria DEFINITION 47 Depressed mood most of day, nearly every day Loss of interest or pleasure in all/most normal activities Weight fluctuations (5% up or down) Sleep changes Changes in motor activities Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt -- how they viewthemselves Diminished ability to concentrate, or indecisive nearly every day Recurrent thoughts of death, or suicidal ideation TERM 48 Two Subtypes of MDD DEFINITION 48 Single episode (rare)Recurrent (2 or more episodes separatedby at least 2 months of not being depressed) Duration of first episode is typically 4-9 months. TERM 49 Dysthymic Disorder (DD) DEFINITION 49 In general, longer duration and less intensity than MDD DX Criteria includes, Depressed mood for most of the day, more days than notfor at least 2 years. Presence while depressed of at least 2: Poor appetite or overeating, sleep problems, low energy or fatique, lowself-esteem, poorconcentration or difficulty making choices, feelings ofhopelessness TERM 50 Manic Episode DEFINITION 50 Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritablemood, lasting at least one week. TERM 51 Bipolar Disorder DEFINITION 51 One or more Manic Episodes or Mixed episodes. Oftenthe person also has one or more major depressive episodes (not necessarilythough) TERM 52 Cyclothymic Disorder DEFINITION 52 2 yrs of numerous periods of hypomanic episodes and numerous depressiveepisodes Hasn't been without these symptoms for more than 2 months No MDD or Manic Episodes present in the last 2 years Basically like longer lasting and less intense than Bipolar Disorder