Self and Self-presentation, Summaries of Social Psychology

Download Self and Self-presentation and more Summaries Social Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! 9/14/2021 SELF AND SELE-PRESENTATION Chapter 3 WHO AMI? = your answers reflect your “self-schema” * Self-schema (self-concept) > the organized structure of cognition > the thoughts you have about ourselves THE NATURE AND GENESIS OF SELF understanding of self is drawn from Symbolic Interaction Theory. Self: is the individual viewed as both the source and the object of reflexive behavior. > both active and passive Reflexive behavior: the individual who acts and the individual toward whom the action is directed are the same William I James and George H. Mead: > active aspect of self > me object of self-action THE NATURE AND GENESIS OF SELF * William I James and George H. Mead: > Lactive aspect of self > me: object of self-action eg. 1. Iwant towatch Money Heist’s season § () 2. will not work with my thesis today, Iwill not be able to ‘meet the deadline (me) 3. ButI want to really watchit, sol will not work on with my paper @) 4. If will watch today, it would affect my score (me) + Internal dialogue — an individual's engagement in conversations in their minds as they regulate their behavior 9/14/2021 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE GENESIS OF SELF THE ORIGIN OF SELF 1. Self-Differentiation = Cooley and Mead recognized that we acquire our Self in * To take the self as the object of action, we must be able to interaction with others. recognize ourselves. ¥- Infants are not born with this ability Y tnfants acuuire this ability very quickly. * One must recognize and interpret others responses to > children can recognize themselves in a mirror suggest that our actions in order to figure out how we appear to ‘most children are able to discriminate their own image from them. ‘others’ by about 18 months @ertenthal & Fisher, 1978) + mature sense of self - ability to recognize one’s thoughts and feelings as private possession 2. RoleTaking = process of imaginatively occupying the position of another person and viewing the self and the situation from that person's perspective. THE LOOKING GLASS SELF STAGES INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF SELF 1. The Play Stage * Cooley coined the term looking glass self. > Young children imitate the activities of people around them. > Parents and immediate family and later on the child’s playmates form a child's significant others 2. © significant others - the people whose reflected views have greatest influence on the child's self concepts The Game Stage > occurs when children enter organized activities such as complex games of house, school, and team sports role taking requires children to imagine the viewpoints of v > Asa child grows older and interacts with teachers, several others at the same time clergy, fellow workers, and others, the list of . significant others widens. 3. Generalized Other > a conception of the attitudes and expectations held in common by the members of the organized groups with whom they interact. > When we imagine what the group expects of us we are taking the role of the generalized other. 9/14/2021 © socta. NETWoRKS = may stand or fall depending on whether we continue to enact particular role identities eg. role asa student + relationship with: © NEED FOR IDENTITY SUPPORT = we enact those of our identities that most need support because they have recently been challenged eg. difficulty of getting a date = we also tend to enact identities likely to bring intrinsic gratifications and extrinsic rewards that we especially need or miss at the moment. eg. long hour of studying => relaxation 17 18 oO SITUATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IDENTITIES AS SOURCES OF CONSISTENCY + the identity we choose to enact depends partly on + Although the self includes multiple identities, whether the situation offers opportunities for people usually experience themselves as a unified profitable enactment entity. = we use strategies that verify our perceptions of ourselves. eg. identity as musician > regardless of the salience of your identity as musician, + Salience Hierarchy: Our most salient identities ifno one wants to listen to your music, there will be no provide consistent styles of behavior and priorities ‘opportunity to enact this identity that lend continuity and unity to our behavior 1. basis for choosing which situations we should enter and eg. reputation as the “life of the party” eich one wo could aod “ 2, influences the consistency of behavior across different situations 3. influences consistency in behavior across ime 19 20 9/14/2021 SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-DISCREPANCIES « Self-awareness - the self as the object of our attention and focus is on own appearance, actions and thoughts > anything that reminds us that we are the objects of others attention will increase our self-awareness Self-discrepancies- component of the actual self is the opposite of a component of the ideal self or the ought self > 3 components of self-schema 1. self as one (actual) 2, self as would like to (ideal) 3. self as ought to be (ought) SELF-ESTEEM = the evaluative component of self-concept = refers to your overall opinion of yourself SOURCES: 1. Family Experience 2. Performance Feedback 3. Social Comparison 21 22 SELF-ESTEEM = the evaluative component of self-concept = refers to your overall opinion of yourself SOURCES: 1. Family Experience 2. Performance Feedback 3. Social Comparison 23 24 9/14/2021 PROTECTING SELF-ESTEEM O Manipulating Appraisals > interpret other's appraisals as more favorable/unfavorable than they actually are Selective Information Processing > processing information that you want, avoiding opposing viewpoints elective Social Comparison > carefully selecting others with whom to compare ourselves elective Commitment to Identities > committing ourselves more to those self-concepts that provide feedback consistent with our self-evaluation, downgrading those that provide feedback that challenges it SEL! -RESENTATION * The processes by which individuals attempt to control the impressions that others form of them in social interaction. + Kinds: Authentic is creating an image consistent with our self view. Ideal is our most appropriate public image our ideal self. Tactical is a public image consistent with what others expect of us 25 26 SELF-PRESENTATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE SHARED DEFINITION OF SITUATION, 1. to establish a workable definition of the situation + Frames 2. to disclose information about the self thatis > agreement regarding the type of social occasion in which consistent with the claimed identity we are participating % Frame of the interaction - type of social occasion that people recognize themselves to be in Symbolic Interaction Theory > a set of widely understood rules or conventions pertaining > In order for the social interaction to proceed to a transient but repetitive social situation that indicates smoothly, people must achieve a shared definition which roles should be enacted and which behaviors are of the situation. Proper. + SHARED DEFINITION OF SITUATION © Identities > agreement about our situated identities (what are our “* Situated Identity ~a conception of who he or she is in goals, what actions are proper, and what our behaviors relation to the other people involved in the situation mean) > facilitate smooth interaction 27 28