Antimicrobial Drugs: Definitions and Mechanisms of Action, Quizzes of Biology

Download Antimicrobial Drugs: Definitions and Mechanisms of Action and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Chemotherapeutic Drug DEFINITION 1 Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, orprophylaxisof a disease TERM 2 Prophylaxis DEFINITION 2 Use of a drug topreventpotential for infection of a person at risk. TERM 3 Anti-microbials DEFINITION 3 all inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of origin TERM 4 antimicrobial chemotherapy DEFINITION 4 The use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection TERM 5 Antibiotics DEFINITION 5 Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms TERM 6 Semisythetic Drugs DEFINITION 6 Drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being isolated from natural sources TERM 7 Synthetic Drugs DEFINITION 7 Use of chemical reactions to synthesize antimicrobial compounds in the lab TERM 8 Streptomyces and Bacillus DEFINITION 8 Antibiotics that are metabolic products of aerobic bacteria TERM 9 Penicillium and Cephalosporium DEFINITION 9 Antibiotics that are metabolic products of aerobic fungi TERM 10 Selective toxicity DEFINITION 10 Drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells without damaging host tissues; the more similarity between antibiotic and host cell=> more side effects TERM 21 Competitive inhibition DEFINITION 21 Drug competes with normal substrate for enzyme active site TERM 22 Synergistic effect DEFINITION 22 effect of a combination of antibiotics that are greater than the sum of the effects of the individual antibiotics TERM 23 Beta-lactam antibiotics DEFINITION 23 antibiotics that target the cell wall synthesis and contain 3 carbons, 1nitrogen TERM 24 Penicillin DEFINITION 24 Drug of choice for Gram + cocci (streptococcus)Gr- bacteria meningococcus, treponema, pallidum TERM 25 Semisynthetic penicillins DEFINITION 25 ampicillin, carbenicillin, amoxicilin TERM 26 Penicillinase resistant DEFINITION 26 Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin TERM 27 Cephalosporins DEFINITION 27 account of one third of all anitbioticseffective more towards gram negativesynthetically altered beta-lactam ringBroad spectrum; resistant to most penicillinasesfewer allergic reactionsgiven orally; parenterally administered TERM 28 Cephalothin DEFINITION 28 Most effective cephalosporin against gram positive cocci TERM 29 Cefaclor DEFINITION 29 more effective againts gram negative bacteria TERM 30 Cephalexin DEFINITION 30 Broad spectrum activity against enteric bacteria with beta lactamases TERM 31 Cefepime DEFINITION 31 widest range cephalosporin; both gram negative and gram positive TERM 32 Vancomycin, bacitracin, isoniazid DEFINITION 32 Non beta lactam cell wall inhibitors TERM 33 Vancomysin DEFINITION 33 Narrow-spectrumtreats staph if penicillin, methicillin resistant patient(non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor) TERM 34 Bacitracin DEFINITION 34 narrow-spectrum produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis, topical in ointment (non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor) TERM 35 Isoniazid DEFINITION 35 interferes with mycolic acid sythesis; treats infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (non b-lactam cell wall inhibitor) TERM 46 Synercid DEFINITION 46 effective against Staphylococcus and Enterococcus that cause endocarditis and surgical infections; used when bacteria are resistant to other drugs; inhibits protein synthesis TERM 47 Daptomycin DEFINITION 47 directed mainly against gram-positive; disrupts membrane function TERM 48 Ketolides DEFINITION 48 telitromycin (Ketek), new drug with different ring structure from Erythromycin; used for infection when resistant to macrolides TERM 49 Oxazonlidinones DEFINITION 49 linezolid (Zyvox); synthetic antimicrobial that blocks the interaction of mRNA and ribosome TERM 50 Macrolide polyene, grisofulvin, sythetic azoles,flucytosine, echinocandins DEFINITION 50 Name the 5 antifungal drug groups TERM 51 Interferons DEFINITION 51 Reduces healing time and some complications of infections Prevents or reduces symptoms of cold and papillomavirus Slows the progress of certain cancers, leukemias, and lymphomas Treatment of hepatitis C, genital warts, Kaposis sarcoma TERM 52 Interferon DEFINITION 52 Human-based glycoprotein produced primarily by fibroblasts and leukocytes