Occupational Sex Segregation & Wage Gap: Analyzing Labor Market Discrimination, Exams of Introduction to Sociology

Download Occupational Sex Segregation & Wage Gap: Analyzing Labor Market Discrimination and more Exams Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Gender, Employment and the Economy (R&C, chapter 8) The work place is sex segregated—men and women are not equally represented in different occupations Occupational sex segregation: the degree to which men and women are concentrated in occupations that employ workers of predominantly one sex This is measured by the dissimilarity index (D) Industry sex segregation: a form of occupational sex segregation in which men and women hold the same job titles in a particular field or industry, but actually perform different jobs Establishment sex segregation: a form of occupational sex segregation in which women and men hold the same job title at an individual establishment or company, but actually do different jobs The U.S. has a dual labor market, which is characterized by one set of jobs employing almost exclusively men and another set of jobs, typically lower paying and with lower prestige, employing almost exclusively women. The occupational sex segregation limits employment opportunities, particularly for women. In many occupations women face a glass ceiling, invisible barriers that limit women workers’ and minority workers’ upward occupational mobility. However, men in women-dominated occupations may experience a glass escalator (see Williams). Women may also face sexual harassment, which may involve quid pro quo harassment or the creation of a hostile work environment. Women make about 76% of what men make. In order to understand, the wage gap, both sex and race must be taken into account. The wage gap between white men and white women is smaller than the gap between minority men and women. However, blacks and Latinos already face a race gap.