Sexual Desire Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Abnormal Psychology

Download Sexual Desire Disorders - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Sexual Desire Disorders • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder refers to deficient or absent sexual fantasies or urges • Sexual aversion disorder involves avoidance of all genital contact with others – Prevalence may be greater than 20% • Causes of low sex drive include – Religious orthodoxy – Fear of loss of control – Depression – Medication side effects (tranquilizers) Ch 14.14 Docsity.com Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder •No Interest in Any Sex Activity •Common Presenting Problem  Accounts for half of all complaints at sexuality clinics  22% of women and 5% of men suffer from this disorder •How Much Sex Is Enough? Docsity.com • Female orgasmic disorder refers to the absence of orgasm after a period of normal sexual excitement – Female orgasmic disorder may reflect • Difficulty in learning to become orgasmic • Chronic use of alcohol • Fear of losing control • Male orgasmic disorder refers to difficulty in ejaculation • Premature ejaculation is early ejaculation Orgasmic Disorders Ch 14.16 Docsity.com Sexual Pain Disorders • Dyspareunia refers to persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse – Associated with depression, anxiety and marital difficulties • Vaginismus refers to an inability to achieve intercourse due to involuntary spasms of the outer third of the vagina – Associated with fear of pregnancy, relationship problems and negative attitudes toward sex Ch 14.17 Docsity.com Current Causes of Sexual Dysfunction • Masters & Johnson (1970) model • Fears of performance • Spectator role • No conclusive evidence for these factors • Contemporary views: sexually dysfunctional couples have both sexual and interpersonal problems • Secondary gain may be a “hidden” factor Docsity.com Inhibited Orgasm •Adequate Arousal and Desire •BUT Unable to Achieve Orgasm •Common in Females; Rare in Males Only 50% Women Experience Regular Orgasms During Intercourse: 25% report significant difficulty experiencing orgasms; most common referral complaint of women Docsity.com Inhibited Orgasm • Ejaculation Occurs Too Quickly • Hard to Define “Too Quickly” • 21% of all adult males meet criteria for premature ejaculation • Perception of Lack of Control Over Orgasm in the Chief Complaint Premature Ejaculation Docsity.com Dyspareunia • Intercourse Associated With Pain •Rule out Medical Causes of Pain •Rare Condition in Males (1% to 5%) •More Common in Women (10% to 15%) Vaginismus (involuntary spasms during penetration) Docsity.com Interviews •Medications can Disrupt Sexual Functioning •Check Vascular Functioning •Check Hormonal Levels Thorough Medical Evaluation Docsity.com Interviews • Listen to Audiovisual Erotic Material •Measure Arousal Directly • Penile Strain Gauge • Vaginal Plethysmograph Thorough Medical Evaluation Psychophysiological Assessment Docsity.com Biological Contributions •Diabetes and Kidney Disease •Cardiovascular Diseases •Chronic Illness •Prescription Medications •Using Alcohol and Other Drugs Docsity.com Providing Education About Sex • Eliminate Performance Anxiety Sensate Focus / Nondemand Pleasuring • Gradual Process of Building Intimacy • Several Other Available Treatments  Squeeze technique – Premature ejaculation  Masturbatory training – Female orgasm disorder  Use of dilators – Vaginismus  Exposure to erotic material – Low sexual desire problems • Many Treatments Work! (50% to 100% effective) Psychosocial Treatments Docsity.com Providing Education About Sex •Medications Vasodilating Drugs (Viagra) • Surgery and Implants • Vacuum Device Therapy Psychosocial Treatments Medical Treatments Docsity.com • Gender Identity Disorders • Sexual Dysfunctions •Paraphilias Main Classes of Disorders Docsity.com • The psychodynamic view argues that the paraphilias are defensive processes – Paraphilias protect against repressed fears – A person with a paraphilia is fearful of heterosexual relationships • Behaviorists argue that the paraphilia represent classical conditioning of sexual arousal that has gone awry • Biological: Role of testosterone is unknown Etiology of the Paraphilias Ch 14.9 Docsity.com Psychosocial Contributions • Inability to Develop Adequate Relationships • Early “Unusual” Sexual Experiences • Person’s Early Sexual Fantasies • Excessive Sex Drive & Suppression • Specific Causes are Still Unclear Docsity.com Developmental Model of Paraphilia Figure 10.9 Barlow/Durand, 3rd. Edition. A model of the development of paraphilia Docsity.com • Exhibitionism is a recurrent marked preference for obtaining sexual gratification by exposing one’s genitals to an unwilling stranger • Frotteurism involves the sexually-oriented touching of an unsuspecting person • Sexual sadism refers to a preference for obtaining sexual gratification by inflicting pain on others The Paraphilias Ch 14.7 Docsity.com • Sexual masochism refers to a preference for obtaining sexual gratification by subjecting oneself to pain or humiliation • Sadists are outnumbered by masochists – Their interactions are heavily scripted and their roles (dominant and submissive) can be switched The Paraphilias Ch 14.8 Docsity.com Rape • Forced rape refers to sexual intercourse with an unwilling partner whereas statutory rape is sexual intercourse between a male and an underage female • Rape induces – Physical and mental trauma – Depression and loss of self-esteem – PTSD, unless an intervention is made to relieve anxiety/depression Ch 14.12 Docsity.com • “The Peeping Tom” – Watching Unsuspecting Strangers Naked or Undressing Voyeurism Docsity.com • “Cross Dresser” – Sexual Arousal by Dressing in Clothes of the Opposite Sex – Most are Male Heterosexuals – Most are Married Transvestic Fetishism Docsity.com Sexual Sadism and Masochism • The “Sadist” – Sexual Arousal by Inflicting Pain / Humiliation Domination, Beatings • The “Masochist” – Suffers the Pain / Humiliation – Helps the Sadist What About Sadistic Rape? Docsity.com • Prevalences of the paraphilias are unknown, since most of these activities are illegal • Treatment motivation is undermined by – Denial of the problem – Minimization of the seriousness of the disorder • Psychoanalytic therapy has not proven effective for the paraphilias • Aversion therapy and satiation are effective for several of the paraphilias Therapy for the Paraphilias Ch 14.10 Docsity.com • Orgasmic reorientation represents an attempt to alter the stimuli that produce sexual arousal • Cognitive procedures involve – Countering the distorted thinking of the paraphilias – Training in empathy • Biological therapy involves reducing testosterone levels (drugs, castration) Therapy for the Paraphilias Ch 14.11 Docsity.com Table 14.2 Distortions, Assumptions, & Justifications in Paraphilias Table 14.2 Examples of Distortions, Assumptions, and Justifications in Sexual Paraphilias Category Pedophilia Exhibitionism Rape Misattributing blame “She started it by being too cuddly.” “She would always run around half-dressed,” Minimizing or denying sexual intent “| was just teaching her about sex. better from her father than. someone else.” Debasing the victim “She'd had sex before with her boyfriend.” “She ahways lies.” Minimizing “She's always bean real frisnally to consequences me, even afterward." “She was messed up even before it happened.” “This happened years ago. Why can't everyone forget about it?” “If wasn't molested as a kid, I'd newer have done this.” Deflecting censure Justifying the cause “She kept looking at me like she was expecting it.” “The way she was dressed, she was asking for it.” “yas just looking for a place to pee.” “My pants just slipped down.” “She was just a slut anyway.” “lever touched her, sa 1 couldn't have hurt her.” “She smiled, so she must have liked tt.” “it's not like | raped anyone." “iE knew how to get dates, | wouldn't have to expose.” “She was saying no, but her body said yes." “Lwas always drinking when [did it.” “Lywas just Irving to teach her a Essar, she deserved it.” “The way she Game on to me at the party, she deserved It.” “She never fought back; she must have: liked tt." “She'd had sex with hundreds of guys before. It was no big deal.” “Lonty did it once.” “If my gidfriend gave me what | want, [wouldn't be forced to rape." Source: Maletzky, 8, M, (2002). Tha paraphilias research and traaiment, InP E. Nathan and J. M. Gorman (Eds, A Guide to Treatments that Work ipa. 525-558), News York: ‘Oadord University Press Docsity.com