Ancient Chinese & Japanese Belief Systems: Shinto, Daoism, & Confucianism - Prof. Mark A. , Study notes of World Religions

Download Ancient Chinese & Japanese Belief Systems: Shinto, Daoism, & Confucianism - Prof. Mark A. and more Study notes World Religions in PDF only on Docsity! Shinto, Daoism, and Confucianism: Chapter 3 Shinto-“Way of the Gods” 1Torii-The gently curved archway leads to a Shinto shrine. 1Kami- Shinto deities 1Matsuri- Shinto festival 1Altar of heaven- A huge tiered mountain in Beijing where the emperor of China would worship Heaven at the Winter solstice. 1Ancestrism-the veneration of ancestors as semi-deified figures to whom offering and worship are presented 1Neolithic- period of the development of archaic agriculture 2 3Dynasty- family of rulers in succession 1Ancestrism- The veneration of ancestors as semi deified figures to whom offerings and worship are presented. 1Tian- Chinese “heaven”/ supreme ruler 1Dao (Tao)- Way, Existence, Nature, or God; the Chinese term for infinite. 1Confucius- One of the most influential men in Chinese history and philosophy. He emphasized a good social order based on hierarchy, mutuality, and ritual. 1Rectification of Names- 1Jun-zi- the superior man, he puts philosophy into practice 1Five relationship- 1) ruler and subject, 2) father and son, 3) husband and wife, 4) elder and younger brother, and 5) friend and friend. 1Filial piety- important aspect of Confucian society obligation of children to negate their own feelings and individuality in deference to the wishes and pleasure of their parents 1Mencius-(372-289b.c.e)-the greatest philosopher of Confucianism, who held that human nature is basically good and is impeded only by an evil social environment. Xunzi- A great Confucian philosopher, who said that man is basically evil in the sense of being self centered and, therefore, needs education and social control to become good. Mandarins- The quasi-ppriesthood of Confucianism; a class of scholar/bureaucrats who administered and educated society. Han Synthesis- a way of thinking about Chinese religion and culture developed during the Han Dynasty that combined aspects of Daoism and Confucianism. Dong Zhongshu- A very influential Chinese thinker(c. 179-104) instrumental in creating what may be called the Han Synthesis, which combined aspects of Daoism and Confucianism. Yin Yang- interacting cosmic principles, respectively feminine and masculine Li- Confucian term for rites, propriety, courtesy; suggests that doing things with correct form has religious and cosmic meaning. Laozi (Lao-tzu)- The legendary founder of Daoism. Feng-shiu- “wind and stream” a metaphor for spontaneity, acting according to the movement of what is happening day by day. Cultus: particular form of worship or devotion Neo-confucianism – refers to the Confucian move ment and philosophy of the twelfth century and after which stressed its metaphysical aspects Song dynasty- chinese dynasty characterized spiritually by the resurgence of confuciansim especially in the work of the great Neo-confucian philosopher Zhu Xi Wu-wei- Nonbeing or not doing; the spontaneous flow of the endless stream of flow and change Wang Yangming- Leading neo-confucianist who taught that the principle of myriad separate things is actually within the mind itself, and there for the supremem requisite is sincerity of mind Zhu Xi (Chuang-tzu)- A Neo-Confucianist leader who taught the the one great ultimate is manifestie din the proinciples of the myriad separate things Kamakura- a period in Japanese history, during which several new forms of Buddhism emerged, all represented a radical Buddhist simplifcation presenting a single, sure key to salvation. Mappo- the last age, when doctrine and morality will deteriórate to much that one can be saved only by faith Soka Gakkai- new japanese religión in the nichiren tradition Mandala- In Buddhism or Hinduism, a meditation diagram showing arrangement ofbuddhas and bodhisattvas or deities. On giri- In Japan, the relationship between a benefactor and client, resulting in obligation. Daijosai- in Japan, the harvest festival as celebrated by the emperor after his accession to the throne. Unification Church- founded my Rev. Sun Myung Moon, which combines Christian shamanistic and messianic features. Hoa Hao- a new religious movement in Vietnam with roots in Theravada Buddhism. Rinzai- school of Zen buddhism that developed Japan during the Kamakura period which taught that the way to enlightenment is through spontaneous insight Soto- school of Zen buddhist that developed in Japan during the Kamakura period which taught that the way to enlightenment is through lengthy mediation sessions Tenrikyo-( religion of heavenly wisdom) one of the modern new religions of japan monotheistic Shinko shukyo- Japanese term of the new Japanese religion Church of World Messianity: a new Japanese religion Nichiren- founder of Nichiren Buddhism which focuses on the Lotus Sutra Konkokyo-new Japanese religion Ch’ondogyo- an important new relisious movement in korea that has advocated worship of the god of heaven, a combination of features of all maofr God of Heaven 1Cao Dai- a spiritualistic and syncretistic new religious movement in Vietnam