Understanding Sleep and Biological Rhythms: Consciousness, Stages, REM Sleep, and Dreaming, Lab Reports of Psychology of Human Development

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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms Waking Consciousness Beta activity: – ___________________________________________________________ – 13 – 30 Hz brain wave activity Alpha activity: – ___________________________________________________________ – 8 – 12 Hz synchronized brain wave activity. – Indicates visual system is idling. • Can occur when eyes are open (staring into space not looking at anything or when watching TV) • Occur when close eyes Stages of Sleep Stage 1 – The stage of transition between wakefulness and sleep that is characterized by relatively rapid, ___________________________________________________________ Stages of Sleep Stage 3 – Brain waves become slower with an appearance of higher peaks and lower valleys in the wave pattern – Stage 4 (___________________________________________________________) – Deepest stage of sleep where people are least responsive to outside stimuli and the wave patterns are more slower and regular Discovery of REM Sleep Sleep Lab First all night recording session Dement and Kleitman – Thought their subject had wakened, went to see what was the matter but the guy was sound asleep Brain waves look like Beta waves – Looks like awake but asleep – Called ___________________________________________________________ Eyes move around like looking at something – Called ___________________________________________________________ REM Sleep: The Paradox of Sleep Sleep that occupies a little over 20% of an adult’s sleeping time and is characterized by Now classify sleep into two major components: – NREM • Slow wave sleep – stages 1-4 – REM • Paradoxical sleep Rapid eye movement Increased and irregular ___________________________________________________________ Increase in blood pressure Increase in ___________________________________________________________ Erections in males/ vaginal excretion in females Usually accompanied by dreams Person’s body is typically ___________________________________________________________________ REM rebound Nightly Progression of Sleep Stages Proceed through orderly cycle of sleep stages all night long Cycle is characterize by ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Delta Sleep periods longer toward beginning of night _________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep deeper at beginning of night shallower at end of night REM rebound Dreaming and Sleep Stages Dream recall on ______________________________________ of REM awakenings Dream recall on about ________________________________ of NREM awakenings REM Dreams characterized by: – Active – _________________________________________________________________________ – Seem to get stuck when REM period ends – Can take the dream back up next REM period – Recall dreams if wake up from REM period without alarm NREM Dreams – The kind of dreams you have when you take a 15 minute nap – Mental content, thinking about stuff, but not really a plot The Function and Meaning of Dreaming Unconscious wish fulfillment theory (Freud 1900) – Proposed that dreams represented unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to see fulfilled – ______________________________________refers to the “disguised” meaning of the dream – _________________________________________ refers to the actual story line of the dream The Function and Meaning of Dreaming Dreams-for-survival theory – Dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be_______________ ____________________________________________________________________ The Function and Meaning of Dreaming ________________________________________________________________________ – The brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories lodged in various portions of the brain which are put together to make a logical story line Sleep Deprivation Case of Randy Do not make up all the sleep you miss – Make up about _____________________________________________ of missed Stage 4 – Make up about_____________________________________________ of missed REM REM – Rebound – Associated with nightmares REM deprivation studies in animals – Yoked control – REM deprivation seems to do serious harm to animal • ______________________________________________________________________________ • Overeat but lose weight anyway Why do we sleep? Slow Wave Sleep – Restoration and Recovery Theory • People who get no exercise sleep about as much as those who don’t – Adaptation Theory • __________________________________________________________________________________ • Assume a survival function • Sleep behavior is related to ecological niche – Nocturnal vs. Diurnal animals – Does appear to be necessary for survival • Animals that would be better off without it have not lost it – Indus Dolphins live in dangerous water with swift current and much debris – Water is muddy, sight useless, blind as result of evolution – But didn’t lose sleep – sleep 7 hours a day (in brief naps) • Fatal familial insomnia Why do we sleep?