Sleep Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Prevalence of Narcolepsy and Restless Leg Syndrome, Slides of Psychology

Download Sleep Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Prevalence of Narcolepsy and Restless Leg Syndrome and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Sleep Apnea and Sleepiness 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 < 5 5 - <15 15 - < 30 >30 N = 1,824 ESS Apnea / Hypopnea Index AJRCCM 1999 159:502-507 Docsity.com E 9 ° > = Q 6 ° a Narcolepsy: Epidemiology • Prevalence ~1 in 2000 (US) • ~150,000+ patients in US • Men and women affected equally • Age at onset – Can present at any age – Majority 15-30 years of age – 6% prior to 10 years of age J Clin Neurophysiol 2001;18:78. Docsity.com Prevalence of Narcolepsy/Cataplexy (USA) Pr ev al en ce p er 1 00 ,0 00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 ALS Narcolepsy (with cataplexy) Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease IDDM (type 1) 4-6 40 113 162 260 ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. National Sleep Foundation. Mittler. An Introduction to Narcolepsy. National Sleep Foundation Slide Kit. Docsity.com ...from a narcolepsy patient I saw last year... Help!! Please do not mention this note to my husband, but could you please explain that narcolepsy is not a “mental” condition. When a sleep attack hits, its something that mind over matter doesn’t cure. He seems to think I should be able to hold a full time job, and honestly, I have trouble staying awake and alert enough for the one I currently hold- working only part time with brief naps in-between runs as a bus aid. He gets upset because he thinks with the medication I take, that I should no longer need naps, and that | should’bée'full of energy, which I am not. Not to mention so far, the medications I have tried have given me headaches, that sometimes turn into migraines. He seems to think that I’m just complaining; not that it is a serious problem for me. I’m afraid to drive, I know I don’t feel alert enough most of the time unless I’ve napped first, and sometimes even then, I’m still afraid. Any help : Hathis matter would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. How often daytime sleepiness was reported to interfere with daily activities? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 % Daily Few/week Few/month Rarely NSF: 2002 “Sleep in America” Poll of adults Docsity.com ICSD-2: Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders • Primary Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders – Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Delayed Phase type – Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Advanced Phase type – Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Irregular sleep-wake type – Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder, Free running type – Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders due to a medical condition – Primary (Organic) Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder • Behaviorally Induced Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders – Jet lag type – Shift work type – Delayed phase type – Unspecified – Other not due to a substance or known physiologic condition – Other due to a drug or substance AASM, Chicago Docsity.com ICSD-2: Parasomnias • Disorder of Arousal (From Non-REM Sleep) – Confusional arousals – Sleepwalking – Sleep terrors • Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep – REM Sleep Behavior Disorder – Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis – Nightmare Disorder • Other Parasomnias – Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorder – Sleep-Related Enuresis – Sleep-Related Groaning – Exploding Head Syndrome – Sleep-Related Hallucinations – Sleep-Related Eating Disorder – Parasomnia, unspecified – Parasomnia due to drug or substance – Parasomnia due to a medical condition AASM, Chicago Docsity.com What is RLS?  Sensorimotor disorder of extremities  Common yet frequently undiagnosed  Irresistible urge to move legs  Relieved by movement of legs  Circadian predilection Earley CJ. New Engl J Med. 2003;348:2103-2109. Docsity.com Primary RLS • Genetic predisposition • Tends to be earlier onset and more severe than secondary causes • Natural history poorly understood – Long delays in seeking attention – Few longitudinal studies Allen RP, et al. Sleep Med. 2002;3:S3-S7; Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. Neurology. 2003;61(Suppl 3):S49-55; Desautels A, et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;69:1266-1270; Allen RP, et al. Sleep Med. 2003;4:101-119. Docsity.com Secondary RLS • Associated with: – Iron deficiency –End-stage renal disease –Pregnancy • Secondary RLS may remit upon resolution of the causative condition (eg, after pregnancy) Akyol A, et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;106:23-27; O’Keeffe ST, et al. Age Ageing. 1994;23:200-203; Winkelman JW, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28:372-378; Berger K, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:196-202; Lee KA, et al. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2001;10:335-341. Docsity.com ISCD-2:Other Sleep Disorders • Other Physiologic (Organic) Sleep Disorder • Physiological (Organic) Sleep Disorder, unspecified • Other sleep Disorder not due to a substance or physiological condition • Environmental Sleep Disorder • Sleep Disorder not due to a substance or physiologic condition, unspecified AASM, Chicago Appendix A: Sleep Disorders Associated with conditions Classifiable Elsewhere Appendix B: Other Psychiatric / Behavioral Disorders Frequently Encountered in the Differential Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders Docsity.com Sleep Disorders are... • Common • Serious • Treatable • Under-diagnosed • Costly Docsity.com Sleep Disorders are common • An estimated 70 million adult Americans have clinically significant sleep problems • Insomnia affects about one-third of the adult population at some point and 9 to 10% suffer from chronic insomnia • OSA affects 4% of men, 2% of women • Over 25% of patients with essential hypertension have OSA Docsity.com Sleep Disorders are under-diagnosed • As many as 95% of people with a sleep problem remain unidentified and undiagnosed • Few health care providers question patients about sleep • Little content in medical schools • Essentially everything learned about sleep is in post-graduate courses (a booming academic business) Docsity.com Sleep Disorders are Costly • Possibly 100,000 motor vehicle accidents annually are sleep-related. • The annual direct cost estimate of sleep-related problems is $16 billion, with an additional $50- $100 billion in indirect costs: – Accidents – Litigation – Property destruction – Hospitalization – Death Docsity.com Challenger Explosion Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 3 Mile Island Docsity.com