Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E, Schemes and Mind Maps of Human Biology

Download Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E and more Schemes and Mind Maps Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E the pancreas, located adjacent to the duodenum, is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland; it is usually readily identifiable by the presence of the interspersed endocrine pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans); a thin capsule and septa divide the gland into lobules (not readily seen); the exocrine pancreas is a compound acinar gland of serous acini; large amounts of adipose may be present in the septa or within the thin CT surrounding the acini; interlobular ducts are lined by simple columnar epithelium and are surrounded by connective tissue Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary serous acini of the exocrine pancreas drain into small intercalated ducts which have centroacinar cells that penetrate into the acini (these are a distinguishing feature of the pancreas but are often difficult to see); the intercalated ducts converge into larger intralobular ducts (there are no striated ducts within the pancreas) which converge into the larger interlobular ducts, within the CT septa and lined by columnar epithelium; the interlobular ducts finally drain into the main pancreatic duct which empties into the duodenum Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E serous acinus of 5-10 cells facing a central lumen; apical ends of the cells are eosinophilic due to the secretory granules; the basal ends are basophilic due to the displaced nucleus and rER intralobular duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and a small amount of surrounding connective tissue Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 55 (464): Pig Liver, H&E the liver parenchyma is divided into polygonal hepatic lobules (generally hexagonal); in pigs, the lobules are demarcated by connective tissue septa providing nice visualization of the liver architecture; in humans, however, connective tissue in the liver is primarily confined to the portal tracts so lobules are visualized by finding a central vein and then identifying the surrounding portal tracts containing the portal triads septum (not seen in humans) central vein Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 29: Liver, H&E a portal tract is the connective tissue encapsulating the portal triad which consists of three major structures: a branch of the hepatic portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery (hepatic artery proper), and a bile duct (though not always appearing in a 1:1:1 ratio); lymphatic vessels (a few can be seen above) are also usually present within the tract branch of hepatic portal vein branch of hepatic artery bile duct w/ simple cuboidal epithelium hepatocyte Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary central vein hepatic plates hepatic plates are cords of hepatocytes (one or two cells thick) radiating from the central vein; the plates are maintained by a meshwork of reticular fibers (type III collagen) and separated from each other by hepatic sinusoids; the sinusoids carry combined blood from the branches of the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery in the portal tracts to the central vein Slide 55 (464): Pig Liver, H&E Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 141: Liver, H&E hepatocytes are large, polygonal epithelial cells; their microvilli-lined basal surface face the sinusoids and their microvilli-lined apical surface form the bile canaliculi into which they secrete bile; they are abundant cells – not only in number – but in cytoplasmic contents: they have abundant rough ER and free ribosomes, abundant smooth ER and Golgi, abundant mitochondria, abundant glycogen, abundant peroxisomes, abundant lipofuscin, and may have abundant lipids hepatic sinusoids hepatocyte with a large, spherical nucleus (can be bi-nucleated) and prominent nucleolus; the cytoplasm is generally eosinophilic but mottled Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 24: Liver & Gallbladder, Trichrome look here to see the gallbladder Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Slide 105: Gallbladder, H&E the gallbladder is a hollow organ for storage and concentration of bile produced in the liver; in cross section it can appear similar to other “tubes” seen in lab, especially the small intestine; however, it has several defining characteristics: (1) it has rugae (transient folds of mucosa) instead of villi, (2) its epithelium lacks goblet cells, (3) its mucosa lacks a muscularis mucosae, (4) it does not have a well-defined submucosa layer, and (5) its muscularis layer is not organized with the same orientations of smooth muscle as seen in the GI tract tall simple columnar epithelial cells, with no goblet cells ruga Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary Common Confusion: Small Intestine vs. Gallbladder Small intestine Small intestine: largest segment of the GI tract, connecting the stomach to the large intestine; primarily responsible for nutrient absorption; it has three specific segments/regions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum Look for: (1) villi with fairly uniform appearance; (2) simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells; (3) muscularis mucosae layer of mucosa; (4) defined submucosa layer; (5) muscularis externa layer has inner circular and outer longitudinal layers; (6) specific segments of the small intestine may have other identifying characteristics such as plicae circulares, Brunner’s glands, and Peyer’s patches Gallbladder: sac-like organ which stores bile produced by the liver; it concentrates the bile and releases it into the dudodenum after a meal Look for: (1) mucosal folds (rugae) with varying sizes and arrangement; (2) tall simple columnar epithelium without goblet cells; (3) lacks a muscularis mucosae layer and defined submucosa; (4) muscularis externa layer has fibers arranged in longitudinal, circular, and oblique orientations but they do not form distinct layers Gallbladder Characteristics of Segments of the Gastrointestinal Tract Small Intestine General Layer Specific Layer Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large Intestine Mucosa Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis mucosae Submucosa (w/ Meissner’s plexus) Muscularis (w/ Auerbach’s plexus) Innermost oblique Inner circular Outer longitudinal Serosa/Adventitia Lab 15 – Digestive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity 1. Lip 2. Soft palate 3. Tongue 4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract 1. Esophagus 2. Stomach 3. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum 4. Colon and Appendix 5. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs 1. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder IV. Summary