C++ Templates: Function and Class Templates, Operator Overloading, and Function Objects, Assignments of Computer Science

Download C++ Templates: Function and Class Templates, Operator Overloading, and Function Objects and more Assignments Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Chapter 1 C++ Templates (Sections 1.6, 1.7) Templates  Type-independent patterns that can work with multiple data types.  Function Templates  These define logic behind the algorithms that work for multiple data types.  Class Templates  These define generic class patterns into which specific data types can be plugged in to produce new classes. Function Templates example  Generic function to find a maximum value in a given vector  If argument is a vector<int> type, then compiler generates a corresponding function which Comparable is replaced by vector<int> type.  Similarly for vector<double>, vector<string> etc.  Assumption in this example:  Operator< is defined in the Comparable.  Hence assumptions made by the template much be clearly stated. Function Templates Usage  Each call to findMax(Comparable a) on a different data type forces the compiler to generate a different function using the template.  Compiler will complain about findMax(v4) because IntCell class does not define operator< Class Template Example  MemoryCell template can be used for any type Object.  Assumptions  Object has a zero parameter constructor  Object has a copy constructor  Copy-assignment operator  Convention  Class templates declaration and implementation usually combined in a single file.  It is not easy to separate them in independent files due to complex C++ syntax.  This is different from the convention of separating class interface and implementation in different files. Class Template Usage Example  MemoryCell can be used to store both primitive and class types.  Remember  MemoryCell is not a class.  It’s a class template.  MemoryCell<int>, MemoryCell<string> are classes.