Terminology in Political & Social Sciences: Power, Authority, Economy, Religion, & Social , Quizzes of Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

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TERM 1 govt DEFINITION 1 a formal organization that has the authority to make and enforce laws TERM 2 politics DEFINITION 2 : a social process through which individuals and groups acquire and exercise power and authority TERM 3 power DEFINITION 3 : the ability of a person or group to affect the behavior of others despite resistance and opposition TERM 4 AUTHORITY DEFINITION 4 the legitimate use of power TERM 5 traditional authority DEFINITION 5 : power based on customs that justify the position of the ruler TERM 6 charismatic DEFINITION 6 power based on exceptional individual abilities and characteristics that inspire devotion, trust, and obedience TERM 7 rational legal authority DEFINITION 7 power based on the belief that laws and appointed or elected political leaders are legitimate TERM 8 democracy DEFINITION 8 a political system in which, ideally, citizens have control over the state and its actions TERM 9 totalitarianism DEFINITION 9 a political system in which the government controls every aspect of peoples lives (ex: north korea) TERM 10 authoritarianism DEFINITION 10 a political system in which the state controls the lives of citizens but generally permits some degree of individual freedom TERM 21 monopoly DEFINITION 21 : domination of a particular market or industry by one person or company. TERM 22 oligopoly DEFINITION 22 : a market dominated by a few large produces or suppliers. TERM 23 socialism DEFINITION 23 : an economic and political system based on the principle of the public ownership of the production of goods and services TERM 24 communism DEFINITION 24 : a political and economic system in which all members of a society are equal TERM 25 globalization DEFINITION 25 : the growth and spread of investment, trade, production, communication, and new technology around the world TERM 26 corporation DEFINITION 26 : a social entity that has legal rights, privileges, and liabilities apart from those of its members TERM 27 conglomerate DEFINITION 27 : a giant corporation that owns a collection of companies in different industries TERM 28 interlocking directorate DEFINITION 28 : a situation in which the same people serve on the boards of directors of several companies or corporations TERM 29 transnational corporation DEFINITION 29 : (sometime called a multinational corporation) a large company that is based in one country but operates across international boundaries TERM 30 transnational conglomerate DEFINITION 30 : a corporation that owns a collection of different companies in various industries in a number of countries TERM 31 deindustrialization DEFINITION 31 : a process of social and economic change due to the reduction of industrial activity especially manufacturing TERM 32 offshoring DEFINITION 32 : sending work or jobs to another country to cut a companys costs at home TERM 33 contingent workers DEFINITION 33 : (aka temporary workers) people who dont expect their jobs to last or who say their jobs are temporary TERM 34 downsizing DEFINITION 34 : a euphemism for firing large numbers of employees at once TERM 35 discouraged workers DEFINITION 35 : unemployed people who want a job and have looked for work in the preceding year but have no searched in the past 4 weeks bc theyve given up TERM 46 denomination DEFINITION 46 : a subgroup within a religion that shares its name and traditions, and is generally on good terms with the main group TERM 47 church DEFINITION 47 : a large established religious group that has strong ties to mainstream society TERM 48 secularization DEFINITION 48 : a process of removing institutions such as education and govt from the dominance or influence of religion TERM 49 fundamentalism DEFINITION 49 : the belief in the literal meaning of a sacred text TERM 50 civil religion DEFINITION 50 : (sometimes called secular religion) practices in which citizenship takes on religious aspect TERM 51 protestant ethic DEFINITION 51 : a belief that hard work, diligence, self-denial, frugality, and economic success will lead to salvation in the afterlife TERM 52 false consciousness DEFINITION 52 : an acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression TERM 53 ritual DEFINITION 53 : (aka rite) a formal and repeated behavior in which the members of a group regularly engage TERM 54 social movt DEFINITION 54 : a large organization to promote or resist some social change in society. (theyre organized, deliberate and structured) TERM 55 alternative DEFINITION 55 aimed at changing peoples attitudes and behaviors in a specific way; seeking limited change among some people (ex alcoholics anonymous) TERM 56 redemptive DEFINITION 56 seek to create dramatic change in some peoples lives. (a Christian fundamentalist group) TERM 57 reformative DEFINITION 57 seek to change everyone on a particular topic (ex: civil rights movt) TERM 58 resistance DEFINITION 58 reactionary movements that seek to block change (ex: anti- abortion movts) TERM 59 revolutionary DEFINITION 59 want to destroy a social order and place it with a new one (ex: the French revolution) TERM 60 mass society theory DEFINITION 60 y suggests that social movements offer a sense of belonging to people who feel alienated and disconnected from others.